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The presence of hazardous materials hinders the circular economy in construction and demolition waste management. However, traditional environmental investigations are costly and time-consuming, and thus lead to limited adoption. To deal with these challenges, the study investigated the possibility of employing registered records as input data to achieve in situ hazardous building materials management at a large scale. Through characterizing the eligible building groups in question, the risk of unexpected cost and delay due to acute abatement could be mitigated. Merging the national building registers and the environmental inventory from renovated and demolished buildings in the City of Gothenburg, a training dataset was created for data validation and statistical operations. Four types of inventories were evaluated to identify the building groups with adequate data size and data quality. The observations’ representativeness was described by plotting the distribution of building features between the Gothenburg dataset and the training dataset. Evaluating the missing data and the positive detection rates affirmed that reports and protocols could locate hazardous materials in the building stock. The asbestos and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-containing materials with high positive detection rates were highlighted and discussed. Moreover, the potential inventory types and building groups for future machine learning prediction were delineated through the cross-validation matrix. The novel study contributes to the method development for assessing the risk of residual hazardous materials in buildings.
Pei-Yu Wu; Kristina Mjörnell; Mikael Mangold; Claes Sandels; Tim Johansson. A Data-Driven Approach to Assess the Risk of Encountering Hazardous Materials in the Building Stock Based on Environmental Inventories. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7836 .
AMA StylePei-Yu Wu, Kristina Mjörnell, Mikael Mangold, Claes Sandels, Tim Johansson. A Data-Driven Approach to Assess the Risk of Encountering Hazardous Materials in the Building Stock Based on Environmental Inventories. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (14):7836.
Chicago/Turabian StylePei-Yu Wu; Kristina Mjörnell; Mikael Mangold; Claes Sandels; Tim Johansson. 2021. "A Data-Driven Approach to Assess the Risk of Encountering Hazardous Materials in the Building Stock Based on Environmental Inventories." Sustainability 13, no. 14: 7836.
Recently, there has been an increase in apartments with a large number of inhabitants, i.e., high residential density. This is partly due to a housing shortage in general but also increased migration, particularly in suburbs of major cities. This paper specifies issues that might be caused by high residential density by investigating the technical parameters influenced in Swedish apartments that are likely to have high residential density. Interviews with 11 employees at housing companies were conducted to identify issues that might be caused by high residential density. Furthermore, simulations were conducted based on extreme conditions described in the interviews to determine the impact on the energy use, indoor environmental quality, and moisture loads. In addition, the impact of measures to mitigate the identified issues was determined. Measures such as demand-controlled ventilation, increase of a constant ventilation rate, and moisture buffering are shown to reduce the risk for thermal discomfort, mold growth, and diminished indoor air quality; while still achieving a lower energy use than in a normally occupied apartment. The results of this study can be used by authorities to formulate incentives and/or recommendations for housing owners to implement measures to ensure good indoor environmental quality for all, irrespective of residential density conditions.
Akram Abdul Hamid; Jenny von Platten; Kristina Mjörnell; Dennis Johansson; Hans Bagge. Determining the Impact of High Residential Density on Indoor Environment, Energy Use, and Moisture Loads in Swedish Apartments-and Measures for Mitigation. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5446 .
AMA StyleAkram Abdul Hamid, Jenny von Platten, Kristina Mjörnell, Dennis Johansson, Hans Bagge. Determining the Impact of High Residential Density on Indoor Environment, Energy Use, and Moisture Loads in Swedish Apartments-and Measures for Mitigation. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (10):5446.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAkram Abdul Hamid; Jenny von Platten; Kristina Mjörnell; Dennis Johansson; Hans Bagge. 2021. "Determining the Impact of High Residential Density on Indoor Environment, Energy Use, and Moisture Loads in Swedish Apartments-and Measures for Mitigation." Sustainability 13, no. 10: 5446.
The renovation of buildings involves multidisciplinary issues and multistakeholder involvement, which makes the process complex to manage. The purpose of this paper is to present a transparent, openly accessible, adaptable framework to ensure a sustainable renovation process, covering the technical, environmental, economic, social, and cultural historical aspects to be considered by the various actors during the renovation process. A framework with an associated process was drawn up, focusing on practical usefulness together with the fundamental idea that sustainability cannot be a sub requirement but must be the overall requirement present in all stages of the process. The framework contains an overview, description of activities, links to external tools and documents, and finally a checklist to be completed after each stage. Depending on which stakeholder uses the framework, there are different examples and suggestions for activities and tools. Contrary to many other assessment schemes, the SIRen process focuses on the renovation process itself, and the self-evaluation gives a numerical value that represents to what extent the actors have considered and implemented different aspects of sustainability in the stages of the renovation process. The SIRen process was partially implemented in four renovation projects during the iterative development of the SIRen framework.
Petter Wallentén; Kristina Mjörnell. SIRen: An Applied Framework for a Sustainable Renovation Process. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5412 .
AMA StylePetter Wallentén, Kristina Mjörnell. SIRen: An Applied Framework for a Sustainable Renovation Process. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (10):5412.
Chicago/Turabian StylePetter Wallentén; Kristina Mjörnell. 2021. "SIRen: An Applied Framework for a Sustainable Renovation Process." Sustainability 13, no. 10: 5412.
Assessment of the presence of hazardous materials in buildings is essential for improving material recyclability, increasing working safety, and lowering the risk of unforeseen cost and delay in demolition. In light of these aspects, machine learning has been viewed as a promising approach to complement environmental investigations and quantify the risk of finding hazardous materials in buildings. In view of the increasing number of related studies, this article aims to review the research status of hazardous material management and identify the potential applications of machine learning. Our exploratory study consists of a two-fold approach: science mapping and critical literature review. By evaluating the references acquired from a literature search and complementary materials, we have been able to pinpoint and discuss the research gaps and opportunities. While pilot research has been conducted in the identification of hazardous materials, source separation and collection, extensive adoption of the available machine learning methods was not found in this field. Our findings show that (1) quantification of asbestos-cement roofing is possible from the combination of remote sensing and machine learning algorithms, (2) characterization of buildings with asbestos-containing materials is progressive by using statistical methods, and (3) separation and collection of asbestos-containing wastes can be addressed with a hybrid of image processing and machine learning algorithms. Analysis from this study demonstrates the method applicability and provides an orientation to the future implementation of the European Union Construction and Demolition Waste Management Protocol. Furthermore, establishing a comprehensive environmental inventory database is a key to facilitating a transition toward hazard-free circular construction.
Pei-Yu Wu; Kristina Mjörnell; Claes Sandels; Mikael Mangold. Machine Learning in Hazardous Building Material Management: Research Status and Applications. Recent Progress in Materials 2021, 03, 1 -1.
AMA StylePei-Yu Wu, Kristina Mjörnell, Claes Sandels, Mikael Mangold. Machine Learning in Hazardous Building Material Management: Research Status and Applications. Recent Progress in Materials. 2021; 03 (02):1-1.
Chicago/Turabian StylePei-Yu Wu; Kristina Mjörnell; Claes Sandels; Mikael Mangold. 2021. "Machine Learning in Hazardous Building Material Management: Research Status and Applications." Recent Progress in Materials 03, no. 02: 1-1.
During the last few years, there has been an increased number of overcrowded apartments, due to increased migration but also housing shortage in general, particularly in the suburbs to major cities. The question is how the indoor environment in these apartments is affected by the high number of persons and how the problems related to high residential density can be overcome. This paper aims to specify the problem by investigating and analysing the technical parameters influenced by residential density in Swedish apartments built between 1965-1974. To map the situation, 11 interviews with employees at housing companies were conducted. Based on extreme conditions described in the interviews, simulations of the indoor climate and moisture risks at some vulnerable parts of constructions were made. Simulations were focused on moisture loads and CO2 concentrations as functions of residential density and ventilation rate. Finally, measures to combat problems associated to overcrowding are suggested. The aim is that the results should be used by authorities to formulate incentives and/or recommendations for housing companies to take actions to ensure a good indoor environment for all, irrespective of residential density conditions.
Akram Abdul Hamid; Jenny Von Platten; Kristina Mjörnell; Dennis Johansson; Hans Bagge. Impact of high residential density on the building technology, HVAC systems, and indoor environment in Swedish apartments. E3S Web of Conferences 2020, 172, 09003 .
AMA StyleAkram Abdul Hamid, Jenny Von Platten, Kristina Mjörnell, Dennis Johansson, Hans Bagge. Impact of high residential density on the building technology, HVAC systems, and indoor environment in Swedish apartments. E3S Web of Conferences. 2020; 172 ():09003.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAkram Abdul Hamid; Jenny Von Platten; Kristina Mjörnell; Dennis Johansson; Hans Bagge. 2020. "Impact of high residential density on the building technology, HVAC systems, and indoor environment in Swedish apartments." E3S Web of Conferences 172, no. : 09003.
To establish a circular economy in society, it is crucial to incorporate life-cycle studies, such as life-cycle assessment (LCA), in the design process of products in order to mitigate the well-recognized problem of the design paradox. The aim of the study was to provide means in a structured way to highlight choice uncertainty present in LCA when used as decision support, as well as to mitigate subjective interpretations of the numerical results leading to arbitrary decisions. The study focused on choices available when defining the goal and scope of a life-cycle assessment. The suggested approach is intended to be used in the early design phases of complex products with high levels of uncertainty in the product life-cycle. To demonstrate and evaluate the approach, a life-cycle assessment was conducted of two design options for a specific building. In the case study two types of building frameworks were compared from an environmental perspective by calculating the global warming potential, eutrophication potential, acidification potential, stratospheric ozone depletion potential and photochemical oxidants creation potential. In the study, a procedure named the Decision Choices Procedure (DCP) was developed to improve LCA as an effective tool for decision support concerning design alternatives when less information is available. The advantages and drawbacks of the proposed approach are discussed to spur further improvements in the use of LCA as a decision-support tool.
Peter Ylmén; Johanna Berlin; Kristina Mjörnell; Jesper Arfvidsson. Managing Choice Uncertainties in Life-Cycle Assessment as a Decision-Support Tool for Building Design: A Case Study on Building Framework. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5130 .
AMA StylePeter Ylmén, Johanna Berlin, Kristina Mjörnell, Jesper Arfvidsson. Managing Choice Uncertainties in Life-Cycle Assessment as a Decision-Support Tool for Building Design: A Case Study on Building Framework. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (12):5130.
Chicago/Turabian StylePeter Ylmén; Johanna Berlin; Kristina Mjörnell; Jesper Arfvidsson. 2020. "Managing Choice Uncertainties in Life-Cycle Assessment as a Decision-Support Tool for Building Design: A Case Study on Building Framework." Sustainability 12, no. 12: 5130.
Building databases are important assets when estimating and planning for national energy savings from energy retrofitting. However, databases often lack information on building characteristics needed to determine the feasibility of specific energy conservation measures. In this paper, machine learning methods are used to enrich the Swedish database of Energy Performance Certificates with building characteristics relevant for a chosen set of energy retrofitting packages. The study is limited to the Swedish multifamily building stock constructed between 1945 and 1975, as these buildings are facing refurbishment needs that advantageously can be combined with energy retrofitting. In total, 514 ocular observations were conducted in Google Street View of two building characteristics that were needed to determine the feasibility of the chosen energy retrofitting packages: (i) building type and (ii) suitability for additional façade insulation. Results showed that these building characteristics could be predicted with an accuracy of 88.9% and 72.5% respectively. It could be concluded that machine learning methods show promising potential to enrich building databases with building characteristics relevant for energy retrofitting, which in turn can improve estimations of national energy savings potential.
Jenny Von Platten; Claes Sandels; Kajsa Jörgensson; Viktor Karlsson; Mikael Mangold; Kristina Mjörnell. Using Machine Learning to Enrich Building Databases—Methods for Tailored Energy Retrofits. Energies 2020, 13, 2574 .
AMA StyleJenny Von Platten, Claes Sandels, Kajsa Jörgensson, Viktor Karlsson, Mikael Mangold, Kristina Mjörnell. Using Machine Learning to Enrich Building Databases—Methods for Tailored Energy Retrofits. Energies. 2020; 13 (10):2574.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJenny Von Platten; Claes Sandels; Kajsa Jörgensson; Viktor Karlsson; Mikael Mangold; Kristina Mjörnell. 2020. "Using Machine Learning to Enrich Building Databases—Methods for Tailored Energy Retrofits." Energies 13, no. 10: 2574.
Nicolas Francart; Mattias Höjer; Kristina Mjörnell; Allanmikel Sargon Orahim; Jenny Von Platten; Tove Malmqvist. Sharing indoor space: stakeholders’ perspectives and energy metrics. Buildings and Cities 2020, 1, 70 -85.
AMA StyleNicolas Francart, Mattias Höjer, Kristina Mjörnell, Allanmikel Sargon Orahim, Jenny Von Platten, Tove Malmqvist. Sharing indoor space: stakeholders’ perspectives and energy metrics. Buildings and Cities. 2020; 1 (1):70-85.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNicolas Francart; Mattias Höjer; Kristina Mjörnell; Allanmikel Sargon Orahim; Jenny Von Platten; Tove Malmqvist. 2020. "Sharing indoor space: stakeholders’ perspectives and energy metrics." Buildings and Cities 1, no. 1: 70-85.
The paper discusses the role of trans-disciplinary research networks tackling the challenges of sustainable renovation such as; environmental impact of substitute building materials and waste, relocation of tenants, lack of skilled labor, rent increase due to high renovation costs, and provides a detailed perspective on the effects in terms of both new forms of collaboration and research results obtained by the researchers and practitioners within the network. The research network Sustainable Integrated Renovation SIRen has become a platform for researchers and actors such as building owners, housing companies, facility managers, contractors, consultants, architects, building conservationists, authorities and tenants’ organisations to meet and work together on technical, environmental, economic, social and cultural historical aspects on renovation of buildings, as well as to identify and discuss new challenges. A multi-aspect process covering all aspects that must be considered by the various actors during different stages of the renovation process has been developed and implemented in four ‘Living Labs’ in real renovation projects. This involved using new modes of work in early stages to place the focus on sustainability aspects and work on new dialogue methods and using methods to evaluate the various renovation options based on technical, environmental, economic, social and cultural historical perspectives.
Kristina Mjörnell. The Role of Trans-Disciplinary Research in Sustainable Renovation. Journal of Management and Sustainability 2019, 10, 1 .
AMA StyleKristina Mjörnell. The Role of Trans-Disciplinary Research in Sustainable Renovation. Journal of Management and Sustainability. 2019; 10 (1):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKristina Mjörnell. 2019. "The Role of Trans-Disciplinary Research in Sustainable Renovation." Journal of Management and Sustainability 10, no. 1: 1.
An important part of the multi-family housing stock in Sweden was built during the record years 1961–1975 and is in need of extensive renovation to be modernized. The stock is also at the center of political discussion of how to sustain ‘good housing for all’, especially in the rental sector. These renovation needs coincide with present energy targets and provides an opportunity to combine renovation with energy efficiency measures. Common for many of these buildings are that neglected maintenance has led to technical shortcomings, such as high energy use and low thermal comfort due to bad insulation, unsatisfactory air tightness and leaky windows, inefficient heating systems and insufficient ventilation, and moisture damage due to leaking building envelope and leaking pipes. However, the people living in these buildings are not willing to or cannot afford to pay the higher rents that extensive renovations would entail. Earlier research has highlighted the broader societal problem of energy renovations, but also that of housing companies’ priority of measures with short payback times, and those that give the possibility to raise rents. However, recent observations indicated a tendency towards more holistic approaches to housing renovation, and this study was initiated to investigate how public and private housing companies deal with renovation levels, rent increases and related social problems. The main conclusions are that sustainability and social responsibility are moving up on agendas in the public sector, but also, apparently, in the renovations strategies among the private companies. What is also seen is a trend moving from extensive total renovations to more tenant-adapted and step-by-step renovations. Renovation options which do not entail such large rent increases are increasingly being seen. Implications are that housing owners favor gentle renovation with reasonable rent increases of 10%–20%, which at the same time, may be a drawback for reaching energy efficiency targets.
Kristina Mjörnell; Paula Femenías; Kerstin Annadotter. Renovation Strategies for Multi-Residential Buildings from the Record Years in Sweden—Profit-Driven or Socioeconomically Responsible? Sustainability 2019, 11, 6988 .
AMA StyleKristina Mjörnell, Paula Femenías, Kerstin Annadotter. Renovation Strategies for Multi-Residential Buildings from the Record Years in Sweden—Profit-Driven or Socioeconomically Responsible? Sustainability. 2019; 11 (24):6988.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKristina Mjörnell; Paula Femenías; Kerstin Annadotter. 2019. "Renovation Strategies for Multi-Residential Buildings from the Record Years in Sweden—Profit-Driven or Socioeconomically Responsible?" Sustainability 11, no. 24: 6988.
Apartments built in Sweden during the record years 1961–1975 with the aim to remedy the housing shortage and abolish poor standards, were designed for a normal-sized family of 2–4 persons. The mechanical ventilation system, if existing, was primarily designed to ensure an air exchange in the apartment according to Swedish building regulations. During the last few years, the number of overcrowded apartments has increased due to housing shortage in general but also due to migration. Another aspect is that the ventilation in many apartments built during the record years is already insufficient at normal occupant load. The question is how doubling or tripling the number of occupants and thus, the moisture load will affect the risk of bad air quality and moisture damage. To find out, simulations were made to estimate whether it is possible to obtain sufficient air quality and low risk of moisture damage by only increasing the ventilation rates in existing systems or introducing new ventilation systems with and without heat recovery and what the consequence would be in terms of the additional energy demand. Measurements from earlier studies of CO2 and moisture supply in Swedish apartment buildings were used as input data.
Kristina Mjörnell; Dennis Johansson; Hans Bagge. The Effect of High Occupancy Density on IAQ, Moisture Conditions and Energy Use in Apartments. Energies 2019, 12, 4454 .
AMA StyleKristina Mjörnell, Dennis Johansson, Hans Bagge. The Effect of High Occupancy Density on IAQ, Moisture Conditions and Energy Use in Apartments. Energies. 2019; 12 (23):4454.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKristina Mjörnell; Dennis Johansson; Hans Bagge. 2019. "The Effect of High Occupancy Density on IAQ, Moisture Conditions and Energy Use in Apartments." Energies 12, no. 23: 4454.
Energy Performance Certificates are currently one of the most extensive data sources about the energy performance of the EUs building stock and consequently provide support for researchers and policy makers in energy regulation. As Energy Performance Certificates are being renewed, there are new possibilities to study energy performance development over time and to evaluate the building-specific effect of energy policies and measures. This paper aims to explore this possibility. In Sweden, owners of multifamily buildings had to obtain their first Energy Performance Certificate no later than the end of 2008, and with a period of validity of 10 years many owners have now obtained a second Energy Performance Certificate for their building(s). This enables unprecedented quantitative, building-specific evaluations of the change in energy performance over time. However, comparability between old and new Energy Performance Certificates must be assured. This study develops a novel three-step method to attain comparability between old and renewed Energy Performance Certificates. Results show that while many pairs of Energy Performance Certificates were considered comparable, procedural changes in methods for determining heated floor area in Swedish Energy Performance Certificates caused an overestimation of energy performance improvement of approximately 7 kWh/m2 per building which had to be corrected for. The results of this paper indicate that old and renewed Energy Performance Certificates can be utilised to successfully map development of energy performance and enable evaluation of the impact on energy performance from policies and measures that have been carried out between the two points of audit.
Jenny von Platten; Carolina Holmberg; Mikael Mangold; Tim Johansson; Kristina Mjörnell. The renewing of Energy Performance Certificates—Reaching comparability between decade-apart energy records. Applied Energy 2019, 255, 113902 .
AMA StyleJenny von Platten, Carolina Holmberg, Mikael Mangold, Tim Johansson, Kristina Mjörnell. The renewing of Energy Performance Certificates—Reaching comparability between decade-apart energy records. Applied Energy. 2019; 255 ():113902.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJenny von Platten; Carolina Holmberg; Mikael Mangold; Tim Johansson; Kristina Mjörnell. 2019. "The renewing of Energy Performance Certificates—Reaching comparability between decade-apart energy records." Applied Energy 255, no. : 113902.
Life cycle assessment (LCA) is an established method to assess the various environmental impacts associated with all the stages of a building. The goal of this project was to calculate the environmental releases for a whole office building and investigate the contribution in terms of environmental impact for different parts of the building, as well as the impact from different stages of the life cycle. The construction process was followed up during production and the contractors provided real-time data on the input required in terms of building products, transport, machinery, energy use, etc. The results are presented for five environmental impact categories and, as expected, materials that constitute the main mass of the building and the energy used during operation contribute the largest share of environmental impact. It is usually difficult to evaluate the environmental impact of the materials in technical installations due to the lack of data. However, in this study, the data were provided by the contractors directly involved in the construction and can, therefore, be considered highly reliable. The results show that materials for installations have a significant environmental impact for four of the environmental impact categories studied, which is a noteworthy finding.
Peter Ylmén; Diego Peñaloza; Kristina Mjörnell. Life Cycle Assessment of an Office Building Based on Site-Specific Data. Energies 2019, 12, 2588 .
AMA StylePeter Ylmén, Diego Peñaloza, Kristina Mjörnell. Life Cycle Assessment of an Office Building Based on Site-Specific Data. Energies. 2019; 12 (13):2588.
Chicago/Turabian StylePeter Ylmén; Diego Peñaloza; Kristina Mjörnell. 2019. "Life Cycle Assessment of an Office Building Based on Site-Specific Data." Energies 12, no. 13: 2588.
In 2013 a web-based questionnaire was sent out to residents living in apartments in multifamily housing areas with the aim to get their opinions on what renovation measures they prioritized and what they would be willing to pay in terms of percentage rent increase. On a neighbourhood level, the result showed that higher indoor standard followed by higher standard on the exterior façade and windows were on the top of the list followed by better light environment, parking spaces and waste rooms. On apartment level, the most important measures were renovation of kitchen and bathroom followed by a reduced noise from neighbours and increased thermal comfort. The willingness or ability to pay for these measures was however quite low. More than one third of the tenants could not accept any rent increase while nearly half of the residents could accept a rent increase of 1–10% and very few could accept rent increases above 10%. Considering the cost for implementing the desired measures, the rent increase would probably be considerably higher than 10%. This is why it is of crucial importance to have a close dialogue with residents at an early stage in the renovation process in order to find the most cost-efficient package of renovation measures that responds to the technical, environmental and social needs of the buildings and their residents.
Kristina Mjörnell; Carolina Hiller. Tenants’ Priority of Renovation Measures and Their Willingness to Pay Higher Rent to Implement These. Springer Proceedings in Energy 2018, 173 -181.
AMA StyleKristina Mjörnell, Carolina Hiller. Tenants’ Priority of Renovation Measures and Their Willingness to Pay Higher Rent to Implement These. Springer Proceedings in Energy. 2018; ():173-181.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKristina Mjörnell; Carolina Hiller. 2018. "Tenants’ Priority of Renovation Measures and Their Willingness to Pay Higher Rent to Implement These." Springer Proceedings in Energy , no. : 173-181.
This study examines renovation strategies among owners of rental housing in Sweden in response to European energy policies that promote deep renovation as a means to reduce carbon emissions from residential buildings. Case studies of eleven housing companies, seven public and three private, were designed with the aim to examine housing owners’ attitudes and renovation strategies, and how policies and objectives for energy efficiency become incorporated into these attitudes and strategies. Results are illustrated in typologies that distinguish between renovation strategies with either a more commercial or a more societal focus and spanning between deep and partial renovation. The typologies can be used to discuss how different aspects influence renovation, and illustrates how strategies change over time. The study identifies a trend in which housing owners are increasingly relying on partial or over-time renovation. Cost is one important driver, but social responsibility toward tenants and in some cases the protection of cultural heritage are also found to be important. A distrust of fixed models for renovation was observed. The paper questions the concept of deep renovation and suggests instead partial and over-time renovation as a way forward toward sustainable renovation. Partial renovation can bring together energy efficiency with the financial, social, and cultural reality of housing management. If managed properly, over-time renovation can reduce the risk of an investment, and has the advantage of allowing future technological advancements in energy efficiency to be included in current planning.
Paula Femenías; Kristina Mjörnell; Liane Thuvander. Rethinking deep renovation: The perspective of rental housing in Sweden. Journal of Cleaner Production 2018, 195, 1457 -1467.
AMA StylePaula Femenías, Kristina Mjörnell, Liane Thuvander. Rethinking deep renovation: The perspective of rental housing in Sweden. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2018; 195 ():1457-1467.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaula Femenías; Kristina Mjörnell; Liane Thuvander. 2018. "Rethinking deep renovation: The perspective of rental housing in Sweden." Journal of Cleaner Production 195, no. : 1457-1467.
As urbanization continues and more people move into cities and urban areas, pressure on available land for new constructions will continue to increase. This situation constitutes an incentive to review the need for interior space and uses of existing buildings. A great deal can be gained from using existing buildings more efficiently instead of constructing new ones: Reduced resource usage during construction (investments, natural resources, and energy), operation, and maintenance; more activity per square meter of buildings creates a greater basis for public transport and other services; more intensive use of buildings creates a more vibrant city without building on virgin land. The aim of this paper is to initiate a discussion regarding how digitalization can affect the demand and supply of interior space in existing buildings and elaborate on how policy can support more resource-efficient uses of space. New activity-based resource measurements intended for use in buildings are proposed, and several principles that have the potential to decrease environmental impact through more efficient usage of space are outlined. Based on these ideas for encouraging the flexible use of building spaces that are facilitated by digitalization and the new measurement approaches, a four-step principle for construction is proposed: The first step is to reduce the demand for space, the second is to intensify usage of existing space, the third is to reconstruct and adapt existing buildings to current needs, and the fourth is to construct new buildings. Urging political, municipal, construction, and real-estate decision makers to contemplate this principle, particularly in view of the new conditions that digitalization entails, will lead to more sustainable construction and, in the long term, a sustainable built environment.
Mattias Höjer; Kristina Mjörnell. Measures and Steps for More Efficient Use of Buildings. Sustainability 2018, 10, 1949 .
AMA StyleMattias Höjer, Kristina Mjörnell. Measures and Steps for More Efficient Use of Buildings. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (6):1949.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMattias Höjer; Kristina Mjörnell. 2018. "Measures and Steps for More Efficient Use of Buildings." Sustainability 10, no. 6: 1949.
The relative environmental impact from the building construction phase is increasing compared to the operation phase for new buildings. Therefore, it is important to consider the complete environmental life cycle of energy improvement measures. Many advanced optimization methods have been developed in recent years to assess building life cycle impact. However, these previous studies have not fully addressed the secondary effects, in other words, indirect effects outside the actual design option. This may lead to conclusions of optimization studies based on misleading calculation results. The main purpose this study was to highlight the relevance of including secondary effects in optimization of building design with respect to global warming potential and cost. This was done by conducting a parameter study of the building envelope insulation thickness with regard to global warming potential and life cycle costs, while considering secondary effects induced by the different design options. Findings from this study show that secondary effects influence the system boundary, algorithm architecture, results and the final conclusions of optimal building design. Omitting secondary effects can thus lead to incorrect decision on optimal solutions with regard to global warming potential and life cycle cost. Therefore, it is therefore important to take them into consideration when performing optimization studies of building design options
Peter Ylmén; Kristina Mjörnell; Johanna Berlin; Jesper Arfvidsson. The influence of secondary effects on global warming and cost optimization of insulation in the building envelope. Building and Environment 2017, 118, 174 -183.
AMA StylePeter Ylmén, Kristina Mjörnell, Johanna Berlin, Jesper Arfvidsson. The influence of secondary effects on global warming and cost optimization of insulation in the building envelope. Building and Environment. 2017; 118 ():174-183.
Chicago/Turabian StylePeter Ylmén; Kristina Mjörnell; Johanna Berlin; Jesper Arfvidsson. 2017. "The influence of secondary effects on global warming and cost optimization of insulation in the building envelope." Building and Environment 118, no. : 174-183.
Peter Ylmén; Johanna Berlin; Kristina Mjörnell; Jesper Arfvidsson. The importance of including secondary effects when defining the system boundary with life cycle perspective: Case study for design of an external wall. Journal of Cleaner Production 2017, 143, 1105 -1113.
AMA StylePeter Ylmén, Johanna Berlin, Kristina Mjörnell, Jesper Arfvidsson. The importance of including secondary effects when defining the system boundary with life cycle perspective: Case study for design of an external wall. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2017; 143 ():1105-1113.
Chicago/Turabian StylePeter Ylmén; Johanna Berlin; Kristina Mjörnell; Jesper Arfvidsson. 2017. "The importance of including secondary effects when defining the system boundary with life cycle perspective: Case study for design of an external wall." Journal of Cleaner Production 143, no. : 1105-1113.
Building materials differ in their susceptibility to mould growth. Wood is a material often considered to have a low mould resistance. However, wood is not a homogenous material and different characteristics of the material are expected to have an impact on mould growth. In this paper, it was shown that wood species (pine or spruce), sawing pattern (centre-board or side-board) and surface structure (planed or sawn) affected mould growth. In addition, it was indicated that the susceptibility cannot be described by one single parameter, but also depends on other parameters. It is therefore difficult to estimate the susceptibility of wood in general. These conclusions were drawn from a meta-analysis, using data from five separate, previously performed laboratory studies conducted at 90% relative humidity and 22 °C, and from a laboratory study performed at 95% RH and 22 °C
Pernilla Johansson; Kristina Mjörnell; Jesper Arfvidsson. Examples of characteristics of wood that affect mould growth: a meta-analysis. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products 2016, 75, 603 -613.
AMA StylePernilla Johansson, Kristina Mjörnell, Jesper Arfvidsson. Examples of characteristics of wood that affect mould growth: a meta-analysis. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products. 2016; 75 (4):603-613.
Chicago/Turabian StylePernilla Johansson; Kristina Mjörnell; Jesper Arfvidsson. 2016. "Examples of characteristics of wood that affect mould growth: a meta-analysis." European Journal of Wood and Wood Products 75, no. 4: 603-613.
Linus Malmgren; Stefan Elfborg; Kristina Mjörnell. Development of a decision support tool for sustainable renovation – a case study. Structural Survey 2016, 34, 3 -11.
AMA StyleLinus Malmgren, Stefan Elfborg, Kristina Mjörnell. Development of a decision support tool for sustainable renovation – a case study. Structural Survey. 2016; 34 (1):3-11.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLinus Malmgren; Stefan Elfborg; Kristina Mjörnell. 2016. "Development of a decision support tool for sustainable renovation – a case study." Structural Survey 34, no. 1: 3-11.