Cyclophosphamide is a drug used in various types of cancer. It can cause oxidative and inflammatory ovarian damage and infertility. Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) to be investigated for its effect on cyclophosphamide-induced ovarian damage and reproductive dysfunction in the present study is the active metabolite of thiamine. It has been shown that TPP protects organs and tissues from oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokine damage. To investigate the effect of TPP against the ovarian damage and reproductive dysfunction caused by cyclophosphamide in rats. Albino Wistar type female rats were divided into healthy control (HG), cyclophosphamide (CYC) and TPP + cyclophosphamide (TPPC) groups (for each group, n = 12). Thiamine pyrophosphate at a dose of 25 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally (ip.) in the TPPC group, and 0.9% NaCI solution was injected ip. in the CYC and HG groups. One hour after the injection, 75 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide was administered ip. in the TPPC and CYC groups. This procedure was repeated once a day for 30 days. At the end of this period, 6 rats from each group were euthanized with a high dose of anesthetic (50 mg/kg of sodium thiopental). Biochemical and histopathological examinations were performed on the extracted ovarian tissue. The remaining animals were kept in the laboratory with mature male rats for 2 months for reproduction. Thiamine pyrophosphate significantly decreased the cyclophosphamide-induced increase in the levels of the oxidant parameter malondialdehyde (MDA), proinflammatory nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β). In addition, TPP decreased the severe histopathological damage associated with cyclophosphamide in the ovarian tissue and prevented infertility. Our experimental results have suggested that TPP could be beneficial in the treatment of cyclophosphamide-induced ovarian injury and infertility.

Ovarian torsion can be defined as the bending of the ovaries on the supporting ligament, disrupting both venous and arterial blood circulation. Insufficient blood flow causes ovarian tissue hypoxia and leads to ischemia. This study aimed to investigate whether tocilizumab has a protective effect on ischemia-reperfusion injury due to ovarian torsion in rats. Eighteen female Wistar albino rats were divided into three equal groups (Sham (SG), ischemia-reperfusion (OIR), and ischemia-reperfusion+tocilizumab (OIRT)). Degeneration, necrosis, vascular dilatation/congestion, interstitial edema, hemorrhage, and polymorphonuclear lymphocyte (PMNL) infiltration scores were significantly different between the groups (p=0.001 for all parameters). Moreover, the OIRT group had a significant improvement in these criteria compared to the OIR group (p<0.05). Additionally, there was a considerable difference between OIRT and OIR groups in the number of primordial, developing, and atretic follicles groups (p<0.05), while there was no difference in the number of corpus luteum (p=0.052). Stress markers or cytokines, such as MDA, tGSH, NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, were significantly different between groups (p<0.05). Furthermore, a significant improvement was found in the measured variables when the OIRT group was compared with the OIR group (p<0.05). Tocilizumab may be an alternative option for treating ischemia-reperfusion injury due to ovarian torsion.

Aim of this study is to investigate whether the risk of miscarriage increases in pregnant women who had COVID-19 in first trimester. Our study included 52 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection detected by RT-PCR and 53 patients with negative RT-PCR test in samples taken with nasopharyngeal swab in the first trimester between March 1 and December 31, 2020. Complete abortion, incomplete abortion, blighted ovum, intrauterine exitus, biochemical pregnancies were accepted as in the miscarriage group (MG). Pregnant women with COVID-19 and control group were compared in terms of demographic data, miscarriage rate and laboratory results. Patients were divided into MG and ongoing pregnancy groups (OPG) and compared in terms of the diagnosed weeks, clinical findings, laboratory results, treatments, and hospitalization. While miscarriage was observed in 15 (28.8%) of pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 in the first trimester, this number was 7 (13.2%) in the control group. While the common symptoms in the MG were cough (60%), fever (53.3%), shortness of breath (53.3%), and fatigue (46.7%) (p<0.05); asymptomatic patients (51.4%) were higher in the OPG (p<0.001). Hospitalized patients were 33.3% in the MG and 8.1% in the OPG (p=0.02). According to the results of our study, the risk of miscarriage increases in pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 (especially in severe infection) in the first trimester.

Pregnant women are very susceptible to coronavirus infection. Gestational diabetes mellitus is severe comorbidity and a serious risk factor for lethal outcomes. We report a mortal case of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) associated with bilateral pneumonia and systemic inflammatory response syndrome in a pregnant woman with gestational diabetes mellitus.Patient was admitted to the hospital at 31 weeks of gestation with COVID-19 bilateral pneumonia. Anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial and immunomodulatory treatment was started. She received per os favipiravir 200 mg, azithromycin 500 mg, enfluvir 75 mg, plaquenil 200 mg, and ceftriaxone 1 g intravenously, piperacillin 4.5 g intravenously, methylprednisolone 40 mg intramuscular, enoxaparin 0.6 subcutaneously. The doses of insulin were changed. But maternal status became worse in several hours. Oxygen saturation dropped to 80%. Patient was intubated and connected to the artificial lung ventilator. The cesarean was performed. The preterm born baby with early neonatal sepsis diseased the next day. The treatment could not counteract an inflammatory storm. Despite intensive resuscitation, the woman diseased.The fatal case of COVID-19 was associated with coexisted gestational diabetes mellitus and late admission to the hospital. The COVID-19 patients with gestational diabetes mellitus are at higher risk of severe pneumonia, systemic inflammatory response and carbohydrate metabolism decompensation. Oxidative stress caused by bilateral pneumonia initiated the chain of tissue injury-related reactions. The fat tissue is an additional source of free radicals and proinflammatory cytokines. Progression of the proinflammatory scenario enhanced multiple organ failure. We have found signs of acute pulmonary, hepatic, and renal insufficiency. The unresponsiveness to treatment contributed to systemic inflammatory response and maternal deterioration.Further investigations are necessary to improve outcomes in COVID-19 during pregnancy.

Background: Every day brings us new data on COVID-19, which has come to affect all the dynamics of the society, and increasingly more scientific literature becomes available on the topic. However, research information about its effects on particular groups, e.g., pregnant women, is still very limited. Aims: This study was aimed to investigate D-dimer levels in pregnant women admitted to the hospital with suspected COVID-19. Study Design: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among pregnant women admitted to our hospital between 1 April 2020 and 31 May 2020 with suspected COVID-19. The data about patients was obtained from patient records and the hospital automation system. Methods: The primary outcome variable of the study was the D-dimer levels. Secondary outcome variables were the presence/absence of cough, shortness of breath, headache, fever, weakness, proteinuria, diarrhoea, haematuria, loss of taste, hypertension, and gestational diabetes mellitus. Results: Data for 64 pregnant women were analyzed. Thirty-three (51.5%) of them had a positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results, and thirty-one (48.5%) had negative ones. The mean age of the participants was 26.33 ± 5.15 years. Of the pregnant women, 51.6% (n = 33) were PCR (+) for COVID-19, and 48.5% (n = 31) were PCR (-). The mean age of the participants was 26.33 ± 5.15 years. Headache occurred significantly more often in PCR (+) pregnant women than in PCR (-) ones (χ2 = 4.201, p = 0.040). A statistically significant difference was found when the groups were compared in regard to the presence of the fever symptom (χ2 = 5.036, p = 0.025). When PCR (+) and PCR (-) pregnant women were compared, a statistically significant difference was found in the D-dimer levels (Z = 2.896, p = 0.004). A logistic regression model with PCR positivity as the dependent variables and headache, fever, and D-dimer levels as independent ones revealed a Nagelkerke R2 of 26.8%, and relatively high sensitivity (87.9%) and specificity (59.1%) values in predicting PCR positivity. Conclusion: This research is the first study to have suggested a model for predicting PCR positivity in women suspected of having the COVID-19 disease, which can speed up decision-making in regard to pregnant women with COVID-19.

Comparison of pre- and postoperative techniques in the assessment of histological tumor grading in patients with endometrial carcinoma: a descriptive cross-sect