Tourist walkability is essential for sustainable tourism in traditional villages, where walking is often the primary mode of exploration. However, few studies have examined walkability from tourists’ perspectives, especially in village settings. This study investigates how immediate built environment perceptions, shareability (defined as the capacity of a place to encourage social media sharing), and personal attributes affect tourist walkability in traditional villages. A questionnaire survey was conducted in two traditional villages in Yongzhou, Hunan, to explore these relationships. The results reveal that the perceived quantity of traditional architecture strongly influences tourist walkability, while among built environment features, artificial features exert a greater overall impact than natural ones. Moreover, shareability plays a significant role in enhancing walkability, whereas personal attributes, though influential, have a relatively smaller effect. As the majority of survey participants were aged 18–24, these findings are particularly relevant to understanding the tourism preferences of Generation Z, a cohort with growing influence in the tourism market. These insights provide valuable guidance for designers, tourism developers, and authorities aiming to enhance walkability, promote sustainable tourism, and revitalise culturally rich traditional villages.

Road transport systems are central to sustainable mobility and the energy transition because they account for a large share of final energy use and remain heavily dependent on fossil fuels. With more than 90% of transport energy still supplied by petroleum-based fuels, improving energy efficiency and reducing emissions in road networks has become a strategic priority. This review compares Australia, Hong Kong, and the United Kingdom to examine how road-design standards and emerging digital technologies can improve energy performance across planning, design, operations, and maintenance. Using Australia’s Austroads Guide to Road Design, Hong Kong’s Transport Planning and Design Manual (TPDM), and the UK’s Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (DMRB) as core reference frameworks, we apply a rubric-based document analysis that codes provisions by mechanism type (direct, indirect, or emergent), life-cycle stage, and energy relevance. The findings show that energy-relevant outcomes are embedded through different pathways: TPDM most strongly supports urban operational efficiency via coordinated/adaptive signal control and public-transport prioritization; DMRB emphasizes strategic-network flow stability and whole-life carbon governance through managed motorway operations and life-cycle assessment requirements; and Austroads provides context-sensitive, performance-based guidance that supports smoother operations and active travel, with implementation varying by jurisdiction. Building on these results, the paper proposes an AI-enabled benchmarking overlay that links manual provisions to comparable energy and carbon indicators to support cross-jurisdictional learning, investment prioritization, and future manual revisions toward safer, more efficient, and low-carbon road transport systems.

This study investigated the long‐term stability of cemented soil pile foundations in the complex water environment of the Pearl River Delta (PRD). Creep tests of cemented soil were conducted under different moisture conditions, including natural condition, saturated condition, and wet–dry cycling. A creep model was developed by integrating numerical simulations to examine water–stress interaction. Under wet–dry cycling conditions, the required time to achieve stable creep for specimens initially increased, then decreased, and finally increased again with variations in cycle duration. Finally, an innovative creep rate intersection method was proposed to quantify the long‐term strength values of cemented soil under both natural and saturated conditions. The full‐stage creep model developed based on the improved Burgers model significantly outperforms traditional approaches, successfully overcoming the limitation of conventional models in describing the accelerated creep phase. During this stage, it achieves a remarkable goodness‐of‐fit with R ² reaching 0.97. Furthermore, numerical simulations were employed to elucidate the long‐term deformation behavior of subgrade engineering under different moisture conditions.

Water immersion can alter the pore structure and long‐term mechanical performance of cement‐treated soft soil. This study investigated cement‐treated soft silty clay under natural and 24‐h immersed conditions through uniaxial compression and creep tests, supplemented by NMR, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. Immersion reduced the peak strength from 3.5 to 2.0 MPa. The long‐term strength range decreased from 2.00–2.33 MPa under natural condition to 1.33–1.67 MPa under immersed condition in the separate‐loading tests and from 2.33–2.67 MPa under natural condition to 1.33–1.67 MPa under immersed condition in the incremental‐loading tests. At equivalent stress levels in the incremental‐loading test, the immersed specimen exhibited higher instantaneous strain but lower stage‐wise creep strain. Thus, the principal adverse effect of immersion was the reduction in long‐term load‐bearing capacity and the occurrence of accelerated creep and failure at a lower stress level. NMR‐derived porosity increased mainly between 8 and 12 h and changed only slightly between 12 and 24 h. The NMR results and macroscopic failure observations, interpreted together with the natural‐condition SEM features, suggest that water ingress promoted pore development, weakened the cemented structure, and increased its susceptibility to distributed cracking.