The landslides caused by slope instability are very harmful and have a destructive effect on existing engineering structures such as tunnels, bridges, and houses. At present, the dynamic design of the anchorage structure is mainly based on traditional statics, which fails to fully consider the dynamic evolution process of landslide and its synergistic mechanism with anchorage structure. It is urgent to study the landslide–anchorage structure system considering both the catastrophic process and the evolution process. Based on the advanced combined finite–discrete element method (FDEM), the present study investigates the dynamic response characteristics and evolution process of the landslide–anchorage structure system by adding the dynamic strength reduction method considering the vibration deterioration effect of the structural plane and the combined one-dimensional and entity element model. The results show that the improved FDEM can accurately reproduce the characteristics of the dynamic response and the entire process of the landslide–anchorage structure system and can quantitatively evaluate the dynamic stability of the system. Through the setting of the two working conditions of unreinforced and reinforced slopes, it is verified that the addition of anchor cables can significantly reduce the dynamic response of the slopes. It is also found that the axial force is larger at the structural plane and the failure surface, and the PGA amplification factor positively correlates with the axial force of the anchor cables. The study reveals the dynamic response characteristics and evolution law of the landslide–anchorage structure system under earthquake, which can provide a scientific basis for the reasonable aseismic design of the landslide–anchorage structure system.

The combined finite–discrete element method (FDEM) is an advanced numerical calculation method that is highly suitable for simulating the entire rock blasting process. Considering that rock mass contains many joints, the present study introduces a rock joint constitutive model to capture the transmission and reflection phenomena of blasting stress waves when they reach the joint. At the same time, based on the original FDEM code, an optimized blasting calculation model is proposed. This model considers the effect of explosive gas and accurately describes the physical relationship between the explosive gas pressure and the change in the blasting chamber area caused by crack propagation. To overcome the limitation of previous blasting models that only apply the pressure of the explosive gas to the borehole wall, the present study optimizes the determination conditions for crack penetration and the calculation method for the blasting chamber area as well as further considered the influence of the embedding effect of explosive gas on crack propagation. Finally, through three examples, the transmission and reflection laws of stress waves at the joints and the entire process of rock mass throw blasting are simulated. The results illustrate that this model can capture the propagation of stress waves, the gas wedge effect of explosive gas, and the entire process of crack initiation, propagation, and penetration in the rock mass during the explosion, demonstrating the potential of FDEM in blasting simulation.