The genetic diversity of the olive tree (Olea europaea L.) is critical for enhancing crop resilience and productivity under changing climatic conditions. Peru’s southern region, particularly Tacna, hosts over 30 olive cultivars, yet their genetic structure remains poorly characterized. This study aimed to evaluate the morphological and genomic diversity of ten economically important olive varieties cultivated in 15 sectors across Tacna and Jorge Basadre provinces. A total of 92 mother plants were selected for morphological assessment using 25 standardized descriptors. Additionally, genomic DNA was extracted from 30 samples and subjected to genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). Quality metrics confirmed the efficiency of a modified 6h-DNA extraction protocol. Bioinformatic analysis identified hundreds of thousands of SNPs per variety, with a high transition/transversion ratio (∼2.1), indicating reliable variant calls. Phylogenetic clustering revealed three diversity groups, with the olive cultivars Ascolana and Frantoio exhibiting high genetic variability, and Arbequina and Leccino—also olive cultivars—showing reduced diversity. The integration of phenotypic and genomic data highlights hidden variability and supports informed selection and conservation strategies. These findings provide a genomic baseline for breeding programs and genetic resource management in emerging olive-growing regions such as southern Peru.

ISHS V International Symposium on Olive Growing EFFECT OF CROSS-POLLINATION IN 'CRIOLLA' OLIVES: A TYPICAL CULTIVAR OF PERU

En las regiones Tacna y Moquegua existen variedades de olivo (Olea europaea L.) no caracterizadas y por ende desconocidas para la población olivicultora. Por ejemplo, la mayoría de las veces las variedades Sevillana y Empeltre son las que son cultivadas por ser las conocidas, dejando de lado otras variedades. En este trabajo se exponen quince variedades de O. europaea L. de importancia económica; las que se identificaron y describieron considerando 24 caracteres morfológicos, que corresponden a hojas (cuatro), frutos (diez) y endocarpios (diez). Se tomaron 35 muestras por variedad y se consideraron las características morfológicas en hojas (forma, tamaño, relación longitud-anchura (L/A), curvatura longitudinal), frutos (presencia y tamaño de lenticelas, diámetro, forma, simetría, forma del ápice, cavidad peduncular y lugar de inicio de envero) y en el endocarpio (forma, simetría, tamaño, posición del diámetro transversal máximo, superficie, número de surcos, distribución de surcos fibrovasculares y terminación del ápice), determinándose que las 15 variedades presentaron caracteres morfológicos diferentes.

Global food demand is driving the development of sustainable production technologies such as aquaponics, a symbiotic system that integrates aquaculture and hydroponics through nutrient recycling. This study evaluated the viability of an urban aquaponic system designed for food production with low environmental impact and efficient water-use. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse over a 24-week period using 50 Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus, 1758) and 50 lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa L.). Physicochemical parameters and growth rates were monitored at three critical points: The fish tank outlet (C1), the biofilter outlet (C2), and the hydroponic system outlet (C3). By the end of the experimental period, tilapia reached a mean weight of 210.46 g, compared with an initial mean weight of 0.73 g, while mean length increased from 2.61 to 24.82 cm. The final survival rate was 95 %, and the fish exhibited an isometric standards growth pattern. Lettuce showed 100 % survival rate, reaching a maximum fresh weight of 361.3 g and a leaf length of 32.36 cm. These values exceeded the commercial standards considered in the study and auggest adequate macronutrient availability within the system. Regarding water quality, nitrogenous compounds remained within acceptable ranges, although nitrite concentrations reached a maximum of 1.0 ppm. Overall, the aquaponic system proved to be a technically efficient alternative for food production in confined urban spaces, while ensuring the effective utilization of organic waste for plant growth.