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Prof. Dr. Adriano Sofo
University of Basilicata

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0 Soil
0 Botany, Drought, Plant Biology, Drought Stress, Heat Stress, Plant Physiology, Plant Environmental Stress Physiology, Abiotic Stress Tolerance, xylem transport, phloem transport, wheat, photosynthesis, rubisco activase, chlorophyll fluorescence, heavy
0 Envirnmental protection
0 Root architecture
0 soil and enviroment

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Journal article
Published: 26 August 2021 in Plants
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Photosynthesis is a pivotal process that determines the synthesis of carbohydrates required for sustaining growth under normal or stress situation. Stress exposure reduces the photosynthetic potential owing to the excess synthesis of reactive oxygen species that disturb the proper functioning of photosynthetic apparatus. This decreased photosynthesis is associated with disturbances in carbohydrate metabolism resulting in reduced growth under stress. We evaluated the importance of melatonin in reducing heat stress-induced severity in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants. The plants were subjected to 25 °C (optimum temperature) or 40 °C (heat stress) for 15 days at 6 h time duration and then developed the plants for 30 days. Heat stress led to oxidative stress with increased production of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content and reduced accrual of total soluble sugars, starch and carbohydrate metabolism enzymes which were reflected in reduced photosynthesis. Application of melatonin not only reduced oxidative stress through lowering TBARS and H2O2 content,augmenting the activity of antioxidative enzymes but also increased the photosynthesis in plant and carbohydrate metabolism that was needed to provide energy and carbon skeleton to the developing plant under stress. However, the increase in these parameters with melatonin was mediated via hydrogen sulfide (H2S), as the inhibition of H2S by hypotaurine (HT; H2S scavenger) reversed the ameliorative effect of melatonin. This suggests a crosstalk of melatonin and H2S in protecting heat stress-induced photosynthetic inhibition via regulation of carbohydrate metabolism.

ACS Style

NoushinA Iqbal; Mehar Fatma; Harsha Gautam; Shahid Umar; Adriano Sofo; Ilaria D’Ippolito; Nafees A. Khan. The Crosstalk of Melatonin and Hydrogen Sulfide Determines Photosynthetic Performance by Regulation of Carbohydrate Metabolism in Wheat under Heat Stress. Plants 2021, 10, 1778 .

AMA Style

NoushinA Iqbal, Mehar Fatma, Harsha Gautam, Shahid Umar, Adriano Sofo, Ilaria D’Ippolito, Nafees A. Khan. The Crosstalk of Melatonin and Hydrogen Sulfide Determines Photosynthetic Performance by Regulation of Carbohydrate Metabolism in Wheat under Heat Stress. Plants. 2021; 10 (9):1778.

Chicago/Turabian Style

NoushinA Iqbal; Mehar Fatma; Harsha Gautam; Shahid Umar; Adriano Sofo; Ilaria D’Ippolito; Nafees A. Khan. 2021. "The Crosstalk of Melatonin and Hydrogen Sulfide Determines Photosynthetic Performance by Regulation of Carbohydrate Metabolism in Wheat under Heat Stress." Plants 10, no. 9: 1778.

Journal article
Published: 07 July 2021 in International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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Coumarin is a phytotoxic natural compound able to affect plant growth and development. Previous studies have demonstrated that this molecule at low concentrations (100 µM) can reduce primary root growth and stimulate lateral root formation, suggesting an auxin-like activity. In the present study, we evaluated coumarin’s effects (used at lateral root-stimulating concentrations) on the root apical meristem and polar auxin transport to identify its potential mode of action through a confocal microscopy approach. To achieve this goal, we used several Arabidopsis thaliana GFP transgenic lines (for polar auxin transport evaluation), immunolabeling techniques (for imaging cortical microtubules), and GC-MS analysis (for auxin quantification). The results highlighted that coumarin induced cyclin B accumulation, which altered the microtubule cortical array organization and, consequently, the root apical meristem architecture. Such alterations reduced the basipetal transport of auxin to the apical root apical meristem, inducing its accumulation in the maturation zone and stimulating lateral root formation.

ACS Style

Leonardo Bruno; Emanuela Talarico; Luz Cabeiras-Freijanes; Maria Madeo; Antonella Muto; Marco Minervino; Luigi Lucini; Begoña Miras-Moreno; Adriano Sofo; Fabrizio Araniti. Coumarin Interferes with Polar Auxin Transport Altering Microtubule Cortical Array Organization in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. Root Apical Meristem. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2021, 22, 7305 .

AMA Style

Leonardo Bruno, Emanuela Talarico, Luz Cabeiras-Freijanes, Maria Madeo, Antonella Muto, Marco Minervino, Luigi Lucini, Begoña Miras-Moreno, Adriano Sofo, Fabrizio Araniti. Coumarin Interferes with Polar Auxin Transport Altering Microtubule Cortical Array Organization in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. Root Apical Meristem. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22 (14):7305.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Leonardo Bruno; Emanuela Talarico; Luz Cabeiras-Freijanes; Maria Madeo; Antonella Muto; Marco Minervino; Luigi Lucini; Begoña Miras-Moreno; Adriano Sofo; Fabrizio Araniti. 2021. "Coumarin Interferes with Polar Auxin Transport Altering Microtubule Cortical Array Organization in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. Root Apical Meristem." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 14: 7305.

Journal article
Published: 27 June 2021 in Plants
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In the present study, the potential of ethylene as ethephon (an ethylene source) was investigated individually and in combination with split doses of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) soil treatments for removal of the damaging effects of salt stress (100 mM NaCl) in mustard (Brassica juncea L.). Plants were grown with 50 mg N plus 50 mg S kg−1 soil at sowing time and an equivalent dose at 20 days after sowing [N50 + S50]0d and 20d. Ethephon at 200 μL L‒1 was applied to combined split doses of N and S with or without NaCl. Plants subjected to NaCl showed a decrease in growth and photosynthetic characteristics as well as N and S assimilation, whereas proline metabolism and antioxidants increased. The application of ethephon to plants grown with split N and S doses significantly enhanced photosynthetic efficiency by increasing the assimilation of N and S, improving the concentration of proline and induction of the antioxidant system with or without NaCl. The regulation of ethylene and/or split forms of N and S application may be potential tools for not just overcoming salt stress effects in this species and in related Brassicaceae but also enhancing their photosynthesis and growth potential through increased nutrient assimilation.

ACS Style

Badar Jahan; NoushinA Iqbal; Mehar Fatma; Zebus Sehar; Asim Masood; Adriano Sofo; Ilaria D'Ippolito; Nafees Khan. Ethylene Supplementation Combined with Split Application of Nitrogen and Sulfur Protects Salt-Inhibited Photosynthesis through Optimization of Proline Metabolism and Antioxidant System in Mustard (Brassica juncea L.). Plants 2021, 10, 1303 .

AMA Style

Badar Jahan, NoushinA Iqbal, Mehar Fatma, Zebus Sehar, Asim Masood, Adriano Sofo, Ilaria D'Ippolito, Nafees Khan. Ethylene Supplementation Combined with Split Application of Nitrogen and Sulfur Protects Salt-Inhibited Photosynthesis through Optimization of Proline Metabolism and Antioxidant System in Mustard (Brassica juncea L.). Plants. 2021; 10 (7):1303.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Badar Jahan; NoushinA Iqbal; Mehar Fatma; Zebus Sehar; Asim Masood; Adriano Sofo; Ilaria D'Ippolito; Nafees Khan. 2021. "Ethylene Supplementation Combined with Split Application of Nitrogen and Sulfur Protects Salt-Inhibited Photosynthesis through Optimization of Proline Metabolism and Antioxidant System in Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)." Plants 10, no. 7: 1303.

Preprint
Published: 15 June 2021
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Photosynthesis is a pivotal process that determines the synthesis of carbohydrates required for sustaining growth under normal or stress situation. Stress exposure reduces the photosynthetic potential owing to the excess synthesis of reactive oxygen species that disturb the proper functioning of photosynthetic apparatus. This decreased photosynthesis is associated with disturbances in carbohydrate metabolism resulting in reduced growth under stress. We evaluated the importance of melatonin in reducing heat stress-induced severity in wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.). The plants were subjected to 25 ˚C (optimum temperature) or 40 ˚C (heat stress) for 15 days at 6 hours time duration and then developed the plants for 30 days. Heat stress led to oxidative stress with increased production of TBARS and H2O2 content and reduced accrual of total soluble sugars, starch and carbohydrate metabolism enzymes which are reflected in reduced photosynthesis. Application of melatonin not only reduced oxidative stress through lowering TBARS and H2O2 content, through augmenting the activity of antioxidative enzymes but also increased the photosynthesis in plant and carbohydrate metabolism that is needed to provide energy and carbon skeleton to the developing plant under stress. However, the increase in these parameters with melatonin was mediated via hydrogen sulfide (H2S), as the inhibition of H2S by hypotaurine (HT; H2S inhibitor) reversed the ameliorative effect of melatonin. This suggests a crosstalk of melatonin and H2S in protecting heat stress-induced photosynthetic inhibition via regulation of carbohydrate metabolism.

ACS Style

NoushinA Iqbal; Mehar Fatma; Harsha Gautam; Shahid Umar; Adriano Sofo; Ilaria D'Ippolito; Nafees A. Khan. The Crosstalk of Melatonin and Hydrogen Sulfide Determines Photosynthetic Performance by Regulation of Carbohydrate Metabolism in Wheat under Heat Stress. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

NoushinA Iqbal, Mehar Fatma, Harsha Gautam, Shahid Umar, Adriano Sofo, Ilaria D'Ippolito, Nafees A. Khan. The Crosstalk of Melatonin and Hydrogen Sulfide Determines Photosynthetic Performance by Regulation of Carbohydrate Metabolism in Wheat under Heat Stress. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

NoushinA Iqbal; Mehar Fatma; Harsha Gautam; Shahid Umar; Adriano Sofo; Ilaria D'Ippolito; Nafees A. Khan. 2021. "The Crosstalk of Melatonin and Hydrogen Sulfide Determines Photosynthetic Performance by Regulation of Carbohydrate Metabolism in Wheat under Heat Stress." , no. : 1.

Preprint
Published: 03 June 2021
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In the present study, the potential of ethylene as ethephon (an ethylene source) was investigated individually or with a combination of the split dosage of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) soil treatments for the removal of damaging effects of salt stress (100 mM NaCl) in mustard (Brassica juncea L.). Plants were grown with 50 mg N plus 50 mg S kg−1 soil at sowing time and an equivalent dosage at 20 days after sowing ([N50 + S50]0d + [N50 + S50]20d). Ethephon at 200 μL L‒1 was applied to combined split dosage of N and S with or without NaCl. Plants subjected to NaCl showed a deceased in growth and photosynthetic characteristics as well as N and S assimilation, though, proline metabolism and antioxidants increased. The application of ethephon to plants grown with split N and S dosages significantly enhanced the photosynthetic efficiency by increasing the assimilation of N and S, improving the content of proline and induction of the antioxidant system with or without NaCl. The regulation of ethylene and/or split form N and S application may be the potential tools for overcoming salt stress effects in this species and in related Brassicaceae.

ACS Style

Badar Jahan; Mehar Fatma; Zebus Sehar; Asim Masood; Adriano Sofo; Ilaria D'Ippolito; Nafees A. Khan. Ethylene Supplementation Combined with Split Application of Nitrogen and Sulfur Protects Salt-Inhibited Photosynthesis through Optimization of Proline Metabolism and Antioxidant System in Mustard (Brassica juncea L.). 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Badar Jahan, Mehar Fatma, Zebus Sehar, Asim Masood, Adriano Sofo, Ilaria D'Ippolito, Nafees A. Khan. Ethylene Supplementation Combined with Split Application of Nitrogen and Sulfur Protects Salt-Inhibited Photosynthesis through Optimization of Proline Metabolism and Antioxidant System in Mustard (Brassica juncea L.). . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Badar Jahan; Mehar Fatma; Zebus Sehar; Asim Masood; Adriano Sofo; Ilaria D'Ippolito; Nafees A. Khan. 2021. "Ethylene Supplementation Combined with Split Application of Nitrogen and Sulfur Protects Salt-Inhibited Photosynthesis through Optimization of Proline Metabolism and Antioxidant System in Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2021 in Soil Systems
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The effect of four soil-applied sulfur (100 mg S kg−1 soil (100S) and 200 mg S kg−1 soil (200S)) in different sources (elemental S, ammonium sulfate, gypsum or magnesium sulfate) in protecting mustard (Brassica juncea L. (Czern & Coss.)) from cadmium effects was studied. Based on the observed reduction in growth and photosynthesis in plants subjected to 100 and 200 mg Cd kg−1 soil, B. juncea cv. Giriraj was selected as the most Cd-tolerant among five cultivars (namely, Giriraj, RH-0749, Pusa Agrani, RH-406, and Pusa Tarak). Sulfur applied to soil mitigated the negative impact of Cd on sulfur assimilation, cell viability, and photosynthetic functions, with a lower lipid peroxidation, electrolyte leakage, and contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS: hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, and superoxide anion, O2 •−). Generally, added S caused higher activity of antioxidant enzymes (ascorbate peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase), contents of ascorbate (AsA) and reduced glutathione (GSH); increases in the activities of their regenerating enzymes (dehydroascorbate reductase and glutathione reductase); as well as rises in S assimilation, biosynthesis of non-protein thiols (NPTs), and phytochelatins (PCs). Compared to the other S-sources tested, elemental S more prominently protected B. juncea cv. Giriraj against Cd-impacts by minimizing Cd-accumulation and its root-to-shoot translocation; decreasing cellular ROS and membrane damage, and improving Cd-chelation (NPTs and PCs), so strengthening the defense machinery against Cd. The results suggest the use of elemental S for favoring the growth and development of cultivated plants also in Cd-contaminated agricultural soils.

ACS Style

Iqbal Mir; Bilal Rather; Asim Masood; Arif Majid; Zebus Sehar; Naser Anjum; Adriano Sofo; Ilaria D’Ippolito; Nafees Khan. Soil Sulfur Sources Differentially Enhance Cadmium Tolerance in Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L.). Soil Systems 2021, 5, 29 .

AMA Style

Iqbal Mir, Bilal Rather, Asim Masood, Arif Majid, Zebus Sehar, Naser Anjum, Adriano Sofo, Ilaria D’Ippolito, Nafees Khan. Soil Sulfur Sources Differentially Enhance Cadmium Tolerance in Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L.). Soil Systems. 2021; 5 (2):29.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Iqbal Mir; Bilal Rather; Asim Masood; Arif Majid; Zebus Sehar; Naser Anjum; Adriano Sofo; Ilaria D’Ippolito; Nafees Khan. 2021. "Soil Sulfur Sources Differentially Enhance Cadmium Tolerance in Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)." Soil Systems 5, no. 2: 29.

Preprint
Published: 18 March 2021
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The effect of four soil-applied sulfur [S; 100 mg S kg-1 soil (100S) and 200 mg S kg-1 soil (200S)] in different sources (elemental S, ammonium sulfate, gypsum or magnesium sulfate) in protecting mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern & Coss.) from cadmium effects was studied. Based on the observed reduction in growth and photosynthesis in plants subjected to 100 and 200 mg Cd kg-1 soil, B. juncea cv. Giriraj was selected as the most Cd-tolerant among five cultivars (namely, Giriraj, RH-0749, Pusa Agrani, RH-406, and Pusa Tarak). Sulfur applied to soil mitigated the negative impact of Cd on sulfur assimilation, cell viability and photosynthetic functions, with a lower lipid peroxidation, electrolyte leakage, and contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS: hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, and superoxide anion, O2•−). Generally, added S caused a higher activity of antioxidant enzymes (ascorbate peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase), and contents of ascorbate (AsA) and reduced glutathione (GSH), and increases in the activities of their regenerating enzymes (dehydroascorbate reductase and GSH reductase), as well as rises in S assimilation, biosynthesis of non-protein thiols (NPTs) and phytochelatins (PCs). Compared to the other S-sources tested, elemental S more prominently protected B. juncea cv. Giriraj against Cd-impacts by minimizing Cd-accumulation and its root-to-shoot translocation; decreasing cellular ROS and membrane damage, and improving Cd-chelation (NPTs and PCs), so strengthening the defense machinery against Cd. The results suggest the use of elemental S for favoring the growth and development of cultivated plants also in Cd-contaminated agricultural soils.

ACS Style

Iqbal R. Mir; Bilal A. Rather; Asim Masood; Arif Majid; Zebus Sehar; Naser A. Anjum; Adriano Sofo; Ilaria D’Ippolito; Nafees A. Khan. Soil Sulfur Sources Differentially Enhance Cadmium Tolerance in Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L.). 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Iqbal R. Mir, Bilal A. Rather, Asim Masood, Arif Majid, Zebus Sehar, Naser A. Anjum, Adriano Sofo, Ilaria D’Ippolito, Nafees A. Khan. Soil Sulfur Sources Differentially Enhance Cadmium Tolerance in Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L.). . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Iqbal R. Mir; Bilal A. Rather; Asim Masood; Arif Majid; Zebus Sehar; Naser A. Anjum; Adriano Sofo; Ilaria D’Ippolito; Nafees A. Khan. 2021. "Soil Sulfur Sources Differentially Enhance Cadmium Tolerance in Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 03 March 2021 in Plants
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Salvia ceratophylloides (Ard.) is an endemic and rare plant species recently rediscovered as very few individuals at two different Southern Italy sites. The study of within-plant variation is fundamental to understand the plant adaptation to the local conditions, especially in rare species, and consequently to preserve plant biodiversity. Here, we reported the variation of the morpho-ecophysiological and metabolic traits between the sessile and petiolate leaf of S. ceratophylloides plants at two different sites for understanding the adaptation strategies for surviving in these habitats. The S. ceratophylloides individuals exhibited different net photosynthetic rate, maximum quantum yield, light intensity for the saturation of the photosynthetic machinery, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, leaf area, fractal dimension, and some volatile organic compounds (VOCs) between the different leaf types. This within-plant morpho-physiological and metabolic variation was dependent on the site. These results provide empirical evidence of sharply within-plant variation of the morpho-physiological traits and VOCs profiles in S. ceratophylloides, explaining the adaptation to the local conditions.

ACS Style

Rosa Vescio; Maria Abenavoli; Fabrizio Araniti; Carmelo Musarella; Adriano Sofo; Valentina Laface; Giovanni Spampinato; Agostino Sorgonà. The Assessment and the Within-Plant Variation of the Morpho-Physiological Traits and VOCs Profile in Endemic and Rare Salvia ceratophylloides Ard. (Lamiaceae). Plants 2021, 10, 474 .

AMA Style

Rosa Vescio, Maria Abenavoli, Fabrizio Araniti, Carmelo Musarella, Adriano Sofo, Valentina Laface, Giovanni Spampinato, Agostino Sorgonà. The Assessment and the Within-Plant Variation of the Morpho-Physiological Traits and VOCs Profile in Endemic and Rare Salvia ceratophylloides Ard. (Lamiaceae). Plants. 2021; 10 (3):474.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rosa Vescio; Maria Abenavoli; Fabrizio Araniti; Carmelo Musarella; Adriano Sofo; Valentina Laface; Giovanni Spampinato; Agostino Sorgonà. 2021. "The Assessment and the Within-Plant Variation of the Morpho-Physiological Traits and VOCs Profile in Endemic and Rare Salvia ceratophylloides Ard. (Lamiaceae)." Plants 10, no. 3: 474.

Preprint content
Published: 03 March 2021
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Olive is a widespread crop within Mediterranean area and Italy is one of the biggest producer of olives and oil in the world. From an environmental point of view, centered on carbon (C) sequestration, managing olive orchards sustainably is an urgent and actual issue.

This trial was done in a 2-ha olive orchard (Olea europaea L., cv. ‘Maiatica’; 70-year-old plants, with a distance of 8 × 8 m and NE orientation) located in Ferrandina (Southern Italy, Basilicata region; N 40°29’; E 16°28’). The soil is a sandy loam (Haplic Calcisol - WRB), with a mean bulk density of 1.30 g cm–3 and sediment as parental material. The major landform is plain, the slope form is classified as convex-straight and the gradient class as gently sloping (2-5%). Half of the orchard has been managed using sustainable agricultural practices (sustainable management, Sung) for 20 years (2000-2020). Trees were drip-irrigated from March to October with urban wastewater. A light pruning was carried out every year during winter. The soil was permanently covered by spontaneous self-seeding weeds, mowed twice a year. Cover crop residues and prunings were shredded and left along the row as mulch.

The other half of the orchard was kept as ‘control’ plot. It was rainfed and conducted with a locally conventional management (Cmng), according to the practices usually adopted by farmers. The Cmng was managed by tillage performed 2-3 times per year to control weeds. Intensive pruning was carried out every two years, but pruned residues were removed from the orchard. A mineral fertilization was carried out once per year, during the fruit set and pit hardening phase (early spring).

The average value (n = 5; 0-100 cm soil depth) of baseline soil organic carbon (SOC) stock (related to the Cmng) in the 20-year period was 4.79 t SOC ha–1, with an average additional SOC storage potential because of the adoption of the Smng of 0.15 t SOC ha–1 yr–1, and a SOC stock after 20 years of Smng of 7.75 t SOC ha–1 yr–1.

In the Smng system, soil acted as a significant sink for C, especially due to the supplies of the organic resources internal to the system. The Smng system, made up of mature olive trees, was also able to fix in its aboveground and belowground components, a > 2-times higher total amount of C than the Cmng. Spontaneous vegetation was the most important pool, sequestering about 35% of the total fixed C. Also pruning material had a substantial importance in C fixation. Emissions of CO2 eq per kg of olives, calculated according to the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), were 0.08 kg in the Smng system and 0.11 kg in the Cmng system. Besides C sequestration, the application of the Smng markedly improved physical, chemical, and biological soil fertility, with benefits on plants and production.

The application of a sustainable soil and plant management makes olive growing a multifunctional rural activity, not only aimed at production, but including many other objectives, such as environmental, landscaping cultural, social and recreational.

ACS Style

Adriano Sofo; Luca Zurlo; Giuseppe Vitale; Assunta Maria Palese. Carbon sequestration in a Mediterranean olive orchard managed sustainably over a 20-year period. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Adriano Sofo, Luca Zurlo, Giuseppe Vitale, Assunta Maria Palese. Carbon sequestration in a Mediterranean olive orchard managed sustainably over a 20-year period. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adriano Sofo; Luca Zurlo; Giuseppe Vitale; Assunta Maria Palese. 2021. "Carbon sequestration in a Mediterranean olive orchard managed sustainably over a 20-year period." , no. : 1.

Preprint
Published: 17 February 2021
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Salvia ceratophylloides (Ard.) is an endemic, rare, threatened plant species recently rediscovered in very few individuals in two different sites of South Italy. The study of within-plant variation more than among-plant one is fundamental to understand the plant adaptation to the local conditions, especially in rare species, and consequently to preserve plant biodiversity. Here, we reported the variation of the morpho-ecophysiological and metabolic traits between the sessile and petiolate leaf of S. ceratophylloides plants in two different sites for understanding the adaptation strategies for surviving in these habitats. The S. ceratophylloides individuals exhibited different net photosynthetic rate, maximum quantum yield, light intensity for the saturation of the photosynthetic machinery, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, leaf area, fractal dimension and some VOCs between the different leaf types. This within-plant morpho-physiological and metabolic variation was depended on the site. These results provide empirical evidence of sharply within-plant variation of the morpho-physiological traits and VOCs profiles in S. ceratophylloides which could be because of adaptation to the local conditions.

ACS Style

Rosa Vescio; Maria Rosa Abenavoli; Fabrizio Araniti; Adriano Sofo; Valentina Lucia Astrid Laface; Giovanni Spampinato; Agostino Sorgonà. The Assessment and the Within-Plant Variation of the Morpho-Physiological Traits and VOCs Profile in Endemic and Rare Salvia ceratophylloides Ard. (Lamiaceae). 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Rosa Vescio, Maria Rosa Abenavoli, Fabrizio Araniti, Adriano Sofo, Valentina Lucia Astrid Laface, Giovanni Spampinato, Agostino Sorgonà. The Assessment and the Within-Plant Variation of the Morpho-Physiological Traits and VOCs Profile in Endemic and Rare Salvia ceratophylloides Ard. (Lamiaceae). . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rosa Vescio; Maria Rosa Abenavoli; Fabrizio Araniti; Adriano Sofo; Valentina Lucia Astrid Laface; Giovanni Spampinato; Agostino Sorgonà. 2021. "The Assessment and the Within-Plant Variation of the Morpho-Physiological Traits and VOCs Profile in Endemic and Rare Salvia ceratophylloides Ard. (Lamiaceae)." , no. : 1.

Article
Published: 12 February 2021 in Human Ecology
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ACS Style

Adriano Sofo; Annamaria Galluzzi; Francesca Zito. A Modest Suggestion: Baking Using Sourdough - a Sustainable, Slow-Paced, Traditional and Beneficial Remedy against Stress during the Covid-19 Lockdown. Human Ecology 2021, 49, 99 -105.

AMA Style

Adriano Sofo, Annamaria Galluzzi, Francesca Zito. A Modest Suggestion: Baking Using Sourdough - a Sustainable, Slow-Paced, Traditional and Beneficial Remedy against Stress during the Covid-19 Lockdown. Human Ecology. 2021; 49 (1):99-105.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adriano Sofo; Annamaria Galluzzi; Francesca Zito. 2021. "A Modest Suggestion: Baking Using Sourdough - a Sustainable, Slow-Paced, Traditional and Beneficial Remedy against Stress during the Covid-19 Lockdown." Human Ecology 49, no. 1: 99-105.

Invited review
Published: 27 January 2021 in Soil Use and Management
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Soils and crops are nowadays particularly vulnerable to climate change and environmental stresses. In many agrosystems, soil biodiversity and the ecosystem services, soil provides are under threat from a range of natural and manmade drivers. Agricultural soils are perturbated by the agronomic practices so far adopted that disrupt soil trophic networks to a large extent and make soils less and less productive in the long term. In this scenario, sustainable soil uses aimed at improving plant/root status, growth and development play a crucial role, as they have been found to enhance the biological capacity of agricultural soils. This review paper is divided into four main parts: (a) The contentious nature of soil organic matter. A few points in Lehmann and Kleber's article may mislead thinking. We just want to stop and think before moving on. (b) Soil biological quality/fertility. Soils are alive, organic and dynamic, because they are living systems. (c) Soil classification. The concepts contained in the first two points were well known to the fathers of pedology but, unfortunately, their principles have been lost over time. (d) Which agricultural practices can be defined as sustainable? As for point three, the desired spirit is that of a stimulating provocation. The published literature was analysed within a holistic view, with agrosystems considered as living systems where soil, vegetation, fauna and microorganisms co‐evolve and are reciprocally influenced. Ultimately, this review will suggest a better stewardship of agricultural soils as a natural capital.

ACS Style

Adriano Sofo; Augusto Zanella; Jean‐François Ponge. Soil quality and fertility in sustainable agriculture, with a contribution to the biological classification of agricultural soils. Soil Use and Management 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Adriano Sofo, Augusto Zanella, Jean‐François Ponge. Soil quality and fertility in sustainable agriculture, with a contribution to the biological classification of agricultural soils. Soil Use and Management. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adriano Sofo; Augusto Zanella; Jean‐François Ponge. 2021. "Soil quality and fertility in sustainable agriculture, with a contribution to the biological classification of agricultural soils." Soil Use and Management , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 19 January 2021 in Plants
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This study explored the interactive effect of ethephon (2-chloroethyl phosphonic acid; an ethylene source) and sulfur (S) in regulating the antioxidant system and ABA content and in maintaining stomatal responses, chloroplast structure, and photosynthetic performance of mustard plants (Brassica juncea L. Czern.) grown under 100 mM NaCl stress. The treatment of ethephon (200 µL L−1) and S (200 mg S kg−1 soil) together markedly improved the activity of enzymatic and non-enzymatic components of the ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle, resulting in declined oxidative stress through lesser content of sodium (Na+) ion and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in salt-stressed plants. These changes promoted the development of chloroplast thylakoids and photosynthetic performance under salt stress. Ethephon + S also reduced abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation in guard cell, leading to maximal stomatal conductance under salt stress. The inhibition of ethylene action by norbornadiene (NBD) in salt- plus non-stressed treated plants increased ABA and H2O2 contents, and reduced stomatal opening, suggesting the involvement of ethephon and S in regulating stomatal conductance. These findings suggest that ethephon and S modulate antioxidant system and ABA accumulation in guard cells, controlling stomatal conductance, and the structure and efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus in plants under salt stress.

ACS Style

Mehar Fatma; NoushinA Iqbal; Harsha Gautam; Zebus Sehar; Adriano Sofo; Ilaria D’Ippolito; Nafees Khan. Ethylene and Sulfur Coordinately Modulate the Antioxidant System and ABA Accumulation in Mustard Plants Under Salt Stress. Plants 2021, 10, 180 .

AMA Style

Mehar Fatma, NoushinA Iqbal, Harsha Gautam, Zebus Sehar, Adriano Sofo, Ilaria D’Ippolito, Nafees Khan. Ethylene and Sulfur Coordinately Modulate the Antioxidant System and ABA Accumulation in Mustard Plants Under Salt Stress. Plants. 2021; 10 (1):180.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mehar Fatma; NoushinA Iqbal; Harsha Gautam; Zebus Sehar; Adriano Sofo; Ilaria D’Ippolito; Nafees Khan. 2021. "Ethylene and Sulfur Coordinately Modulate the Antioxidant System and ABA Accumulation in Mustard Plants Under Salt Stress." Plants 10, no. 1: 180.

Journal article
Published: 10 October 2020 in Plants
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Plants are affected by soil environments to the same extent that they affect soil functioning through interactions between environmental and genetic factors. Here, five plant species (broad bean, pea, cabbage, fennel, and olive) grown under controlled pot conditions were tested for their ability to differently stimulate the degradation of standard litter. Litter, soil C and N contents were measured for evaluating chemical changes due to plant presence, while soil microbial abundance was evaluated to assess if it had a positive or negative catalyzing influence on litter decomposition. The architecture and morphological traits of roots systems were also evaluated by using specific open-source software (SmartRoot). Soil chemical and microbiological characteristics were significantly influenced by the plant species. Variations in soil C/N dynamics were correlated with the diversity of root traits among species. Early stage decomposition of the standard litter changed on the basis of the plant species. The results indicated that key soil processes are governed by interactions between plant roots, soil C and N, and the microbial metabolism that stimulate decomposition reactions. This, in turn, can have marked effects on soil chemical and microbiological fertility, both fundamental for sustaining crops, and can promote the development of new approaches for optimizing soil C and N cycling, managing nutrient transport, and sustaining and improving net primary production.

ACS Style

Adriano Sofo; Hazem S. Elshafie; Ippolito Camele. Structural and Functional Organization of the Root System: A Comparative Study on Five Plant Species. Plants 2020, 9, 1338 .

AMA Style

Adriano Sofo, Hazem S. Elshafie, Ippolito Camele. Structural and Functional Organization of the Root System: A Comparative Study on Five Plant Species. Plants. 2020; 9 (10):1338.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adriano Sofo; Hazem S. Elshafie; Ippolito Camele. 2020. "Structural and Functional Organization of the Root System: A Comparative Study on Five Plant Species." Plants 9, no. 10: 1338.

Article
Published: 09 October 2020 in Journal of Mountain Science
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At the end of October 2018, a storm of unprecedented strength severely damaged the forests of the eastern sector of the Italian Alps. The affected forest area covers 42,500 ha. The president of one of the damaged regions asked for help from the University of Padua. After eight months of discussion, the authors of this article wrote a consensus text. The sometimes asper debate brought to light some crucial aspects: 1) even experienced specialists may have various opinions based on scientific knowledge that lead to conflicting proposals for action. For some of them there is evidence that to restore a destroyed natural environment it is more judicious to do nothing; 2) the soil corresponds to a living structure and every ecosystem’s management should be based on it; 3) faced with a catastrophe, people and politicians find themselves unarmed, also because they rarely have the scientific background to understand natural processes. Yet politicians are the only persons who make the key decisions that drive the economy in play and therefore determine the near future of our planet. This article is an attempt to respond directly to a governor with a degree in animal production science, who formally and prudently asked a university department called “Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry” for help before taking decisions; 4) the authors also propose an artistic interpretation of facts (uncontrolled storm) and conclusions (listen to the soil). Briefly, the authors identify the soil as an indispensable source for the renewal of the destroyed forest, give indications on how to prepare a map of the soils of the damaged region, and suggest to anchor on this soil map a series of silvicultural and soil management actions that will promote the soil conservation and the faster recovery of the natural dynamic stability and resilience.

ACS Style

Augusto Zanella; Jean-François Ponge; Anna Andreetta; Michael Aubert; Nicolas Bernier; Eleonora Bonifacio; Karine Bonneval; Cristian Bolzonella; Oleg Chertov; Edoardo A. C. Costantini; Maria De Nobili; Silvia Fusaro; Raffaello Giannini; Pascal Junod; Klaus Katzensteiner; Jolantha Kwiatkowsk-Malina; Roberto Menardi; Lingzi Mo; Safwan Mohammad; Annik Schnitzler; Adriano Sofo; Dylan Tatti; Herbert Hager. Combined forest and soil management after a catastrophic event. Journal of Mountain Science 2020, 17, 2459 -2484.

AMA Style

Augusto Zanella, Jean-François Ponge, Anna Andreetta, Michael Aubert, Nicolas Bernier, Eleonora Bonifacio, Karine Bonneval, Cristian Bolzonella, Oleg Chertov, Edoardo A. C. Costantini, Maria De Nobili, Silvia Fusaro, Raffaello Giannini, Pascal Junod, Klaus Katzensteiner, Jolantha Kwiatkowsk-Malina, Roberto Menardi, Lingzi Mo, Safwan Mohammad, Annik Schnitzler, Adriano Sofo, Dylan Tatti, Herbert Hager. Combined forest and soil management after a catastrophic event. Journal of Mountain Science. 2020; 17 (10):2459-2484.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Augusto Zanella; Jean-François Ponge; Anna Andreetta; Michael Aubert; Nicolas Bernier; Eleonora Bonifacio; Karine Bonneval; Cristian Bolzonella; Oleg Chertov; Edoardo A. C. Costantini; Maria De Nobili; Silvia Fusaro; Raffaello Giannini; Pascal Junod; Klaus Katzensteiner; Jolantha Kwiatkowsk-Malina; Roberto Menardi; Lingzi Mo; Safwan Mohammad; Annik Schnitzler; Adriano Sofo; Dylan Tatti; Herbert Hager. 2020. "Combined forest and soil management after a catastrophic event." Journal of Mountain Science 17, no. 10: 2459-2484.

Opinion
Published: 29 September 2020 in PLANTS, PEOPLE, PLANET
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Positive interactions between people and nature inspire behaviours that are in harmony with biodiversity conservation and also afford physical and mental health benefits. Since most people live in towns and cities, urban greenspaces are key points of influence for conservation, but also provide diverse ecosystem services. City trees are a foundation for biodiversity in urban ecosystems, and their belowground interactions with mycorrhizal fungi and aboveground interactions with pollinators must be central to urban ecosystem planning. Messaging about biodiversity must be clearer to avoid unintended negative outcomes from conservation actions such as low diversity tree planting and unsustainable levels of urban beekeeping Summary Trees are a foundation for biodiversity in urban ecosystems and therefore must be able to withstand global change and biological challenges over decades and even centuries to prevent urban ecosystems from deteriorating. Tree quality and diversity should be prioritized over simply numbers to optimize resilience to these challenges. Successful establishment and renewal of trees in cities must also consider belowground (e.g., mycorrhizas) and aboveground (e.g., pollinators) interactions to ensure urban ecosystem longevity, biodiversity conservation and continued provision of the full range of ecosystem services provided by trees. Positive interactions with nature inspire people to live more sustainable lifestyles that are consistent with stopping biodiversity loss and to participate in conservation actions such as tree‐planting and supporting pollinators. Interacting with nature simultaneously provides mental and physical health benefits to people. Since most people live in cities, here we argue that urban ecosystems provide important opportunities for increasing engagement with nature and educating people about biodiversity conservation. While advocacy on biodiversity must communicate in language that is relevant to a diverse audience, over‐simplified messaging, may result in unintended negative outcomes. For example, tree planting actions typically focus on numbers rather than diversity while the call to save bees has inspired unsustainable proliferation of urban beekeeping that may damage wild bee conservation through increased competition for limited forage in cities and disease spread. Ultimately multiple ecosystem services must be considered (and measured) to optimize their delivery in urban ecosystems and messaging to promote the value of nature in cities must be made widely available and more clearly defined.

ACS Style

Philip C. Stevenson; Martin I. Bidartondo; Robert Blackhall‐Miles; Timothy R. Cavagnaro; Amanda Cooper; Benoît Geslin; Hauke Koch; Mark A. Lee; Justin Moat; Richard O’Hanlon; Henrik Sjöman; Adriano Sofo; Kalliopi Stara; Laura M. Suz. The state of the world’s urban ecosystems: What can we learn from trees, fungi, and bees? PLANTS, PEOPLE, PLANET 2020, 2, 482 -498.

AMA Style

Philip C. Stevenson, Martin I. Bidartondo, Robert Blackhall‐Miles, Timothy R. Cavagnaro, Amanda Cooper, Benoît Geslin, Hauke Koch, Mark A. Lee, Justin Moat, Richard O’Hanlon, Henrik Sjöman, Adriano Sofo, Kalliopi Stara, Laura M. Suz. The state of the world’s urban ecosystems: What can we learn from trees, fungi, and bees? PLANTS, PEOPLE, PLANET. 2020; 2 (5):482-498.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Philip C. Stevenson; Martin I. Bidartondo; Robert Blackhall‐Miles; Timothy R. Cavagnaro; Amanda Cooper; Benoît Geslin; Hauke Koch; Mark A. Lee; Justin Moat; Richard O’Hanlon; Henrik Sjöman; Adriano Sofo; Kalliopi Stara; Laura M. Suz. 2020. "The state of the world’s urban ecosystems: What can we learn from trees, fungi, and bees?" PLANTS, PEOPLE, PLANET 2, no. 5: 482-498.

Preprint
Published: 28 August 2020
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Plants are affected by soil environments to the same extent they affect soil functioning through interactions between environmental and genetic factors. Here, five plant species (broad bean, pea, cabbage, fennel, and olive) grown under controlled pot conditions were tested for their ability to differently stimulate the degradation of standard litter. Litter, soil C and N contents and soil microbial abundance were measured. The architecture and morphological traits of roots systems were also evaluated by using specific open-source software (SmartRoot). Soil chemical and microbiological characteristics were significantly influenced by the plant species. Variations in soil C/N dynamics were correlated with the diversity of root traits among species. Early-stage decomposition of the standard litter changed on the basis of the plant species. The results indicated that key soil processes are governed by interactions between plant roots, soil C and N, and the microbial metabolism that stimulate decomposition reactions. This, in turn, can have marked effects on soil chemical and microbiological fertility, both fundamental for sustaining crops, and can promote the development of new approaches for optimizing soil C and N cycling, managing nutrient transport, and sustaining and improving net primary production.

ACS Style

Adriano Sofo; Hazem S. Elshafie; Ippolito Camele. Root Traits and Architecture Affect Standard Litter Decomposition: A Comparative Study on Five Plant Species. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Adriano Sofo, Hazem S. Elshafie, Ippolito Camele. Root Traits and Architecture Affect Standard Litter Decomposition: A Comparative Study on Five Plant Species. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adriano Sofo; Hazem S. Elshafie; Ippolito Camele. 2020. "Root Traits and Architecture Affect Standard Litter Decomposition: A Comparative Study on Five Plant Species." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 07 August 2020 in Pedosphere
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Salinity is one of the most important growth-limiting factors for most crops in arid and semi-arid regions; however, the use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria isolated from saline soils could reduce the effects of saline stress in crops. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs), isolated from the rhizosphere of halophile plants, for the growth, Na+/K+ balance, ethylene emission, and gene expression of wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L.) grown under saline conditions (100 mmol L−1 NaCl) for 14 d. A total of 118 isolates obtained from saline soils of the deserts of Iran were tested for their capacity as PGPRs. Out of the 118 isolates, 17 could solubilize phosphate (Ca3(PO4)2), 5 could produce siderophores, and 16 could synthesize indole-3-acetic acid. Additionally, PGPRs were also evaluated for aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase activity. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the ability of 28 PGPR isolates to promote growth, regulate Na+/K+ balance, and decrease ethylene emissions in plants. The most efficient PGPRs were Arthrobacter aurescens, Bacillus atrophaeus, Enterobacter asburiae, and Pseudomonas fluorescens. Gene expression analysis revealed the up-regulation of H+-PPase, HKT1, NHX7, CAT, and APX expression in roots of Enterobacter-inoculated salt-stressed plants. Salt-tolerant rhizobacteria exhibiting plant growth-promoting traits can facilitate the growth of wheat plants under saline conditions. Our results indicate that the isolation of these bacteria may be useful for formulating new inoculants to improve wheat cropping systems in saline soils.

ACS Style

Maryam Safdarian; Hossein Askari; Ghorbanali Nematzadeh; Adriano Sofo. Halophile plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria induce salt tolerance traits in wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L.). Pedosphere 2020, 30, 684 -693.

AMA Style

Maryam Safdarian, Hossein Askari, Ghorbanali Nematzadeh, Adriano Sofo. Halophile plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria induce salt tolerance traits in wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L.). Pedosphere. 2020; 30 (5):684-693.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maryam Safdarian; Hossein Askari; Ghorbanali Nematzadeh; Adriano Sofo. 2020. "Halophile plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria induce salt tolerance traits in wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L.)." Pedosphere 30, no. 5: 684-693.

Original research article
Published: 05 August 2020 in Frontiers in Plant Science
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Oryza sativa L. is a worldwide food-crop frequently growing in cadmium (Cd)/arsenic (As) polluted soils, with its root-system as the first target of the pollutants. Root-system development involves the establishment of optimal indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) levels, also requiring the conversion of the IAA natural precursor indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) into IAA, causing nitric oxide (NO) formation. Nitric oxide is a stress-signaling molecule. In rice, a negative interaction of Cd or As with endogenous auxin has been demonstrated, as some NO protective effects. However, a synergism between the natural auxins (IAA and/or IBA) and NO was not yet determined and might be important for ameliorating rice metal(oid)-tolerance. With this aim, the stress caused by Cd/As toxicity in the root cells and the possible recovery by either NO or auxins (IAA/IBA) were evaluated after Cd or As (arsenate) exposure, combined or not with the NO-donor compound sodium-nitroprusside (SNP). Root fresh weight, membrane electrolyte leakage, and H2O2 production were also measured. Moreover, endogenous IAA/IBA contents, transcription-levels of OsYUCCA1 and OsASA2 IAA-biosynthetic-genes, and expression of the IAA-influx-carrier OsAUX1 and the IAA-responsive DR5::GUS construct were analyzed, and NO-epifluorescence levels were measured. Results showed that membrane injury by enhanced electrolyte leakage occurred under both pollutants and was reduced by the treatment with SNP only in Cd-presence. By contrast, no membrane injury was caused by either exogenous NO or IAA or IBA. Cd- and As-toxicity also resulted into a decreased root fresh weight, mitigated by the combination of each pollutant with either IAA or IBA. Cd and As decreased the endogenous NO-content, increased H2O2 formation, and altered auxin biosynthesis, levels and distribution in both adventitious (ARs) and mainly lateral roots (LRs). The SNP-formed NO counteracted the pollutants’ effects on auxin distribution/levels, reduced H2O2 formation in Cd-presence, and enhanced AUX1-expression, mainly in As-presence. Each exogenous auxin, but mainly IBA, combined with Cd or As at 10 µM, mitigated the pollutants’ effects by increasing LR-production and by increasing NO-content in the case of Cd. Altogether, results demonstrate that NO and auxin(s) work together in the rice root system to counteract the specific toxic-effects of each pollutant.

ACS Style

Diego Piacentini; Federica Della Rovere; Adriano Sofo; Laura Fattorini; Giuseppina Falasca; Maria Maddalena Altamura. Nitric Oxide Cooperates With Auxin to Mitigate the Alterations in the Root System Caused by Cadmium and Arsenic. Frontiers in Plant Science 2020, 11, 1182 .

AMA Style

Diego Piacentini, Federica Della Rovere, Adriano Sofo, Laura Fattorini, Giuseppina Falasca, Maria Maddalena Altamura. Nitric Oxide Cooperates With Auxin to Mitigate the Alterations in the Root System Caused by Cadmium and Arsenic. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2020; 11 ():1182.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Diego Piacentini; Federica Della Rovere; Adriano Sofo; Laura Fattorini; Giuseppina Falasca; Maria Maddalena Altamura. 2020. "Nitric Oxide Cooperates With Auxin to Mitigate the Alterations in the Root System Caused by Cadmium and Arsenic." Frontiers in Plant Science 11, no. : 1182.

Journal article
Published: 30 July 2020 in International Journal of Plant Biology
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Ultraviolet (UV) is a component of the solar radiation with a wavelength in the range of 100 ≤ λ ≤ 390 nm that is almost entirely shielded by the terrestrial atmosphere but not in space. The effects of UV-C on plants mainly depend on a) the applied UV-C radiation dose and quality, b) the different plant species and varieties used, and c) the phenological phase of irradiated plants. UV-C radiation can be extremely dangerous also at low exposition times. On the other side, considering that terrestrial plants under sunlight are naturally exposed to low doses of UV-C, the question is how much UV-C could be beneficial for plants cultivated in space, in relation to a) protection of plants from pathogens, b) increase of the concentration of important dietary supplements, and c) regulation of some physiological processes. The research on UV-C should be more addressed to better evaluate the damages and benefits in UV-C-exposed photosynthetic organisms, involving plants useful for bioregenerative life support systems (BLSSs).

ACS Style

Adriano Sofo. UV-C rays to simulate the exposition of photosynthetic organisms to solar radiation in space environments. International Journal of Plant Biology 2020, 11, 1 .

AMA Style

Adriano Sofo. UV-C rays to simulate the exposition of photosynthetic organisms to solar radiation in space environments. International Journal of Plant Biology. 2020; 11 (1):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adriano Sofo. 2020. "UV-C rays to simulate the exposition of photosynthetic organisms to solar radiation in space environments." International Journal of Plant Biology 11, no. 1: 1.