Aim of present study was to assess pharmacological (antioxidant, antibacterial & antifungal) potential of Operculina terpathum seeds. Ethanolic extract was prepared and its phytochemical evaluation show the different chemical compounds such as carbohydrates, phenols, tannin, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, steroids, alkaloids and proteins. FTIR spectra showed the presence of organic acids, hydroxyl and phenolic compounds, amino groups, aliphatic compounds, functional groups such as amide, ketone, aldehyde, aromatics and halogen compounds. Antioxidant activity of the Operculina terpathum alcoholic extract was performed by DPPH method and it showed 97.13%whereas IC50±SEM (μg/ml) was 1.425±0.16. Antibacterial activity was performed against different bacterial strains and results were comparable with that of standard. Maximum antibacterial activity was exhibited by Bacillus subtillis (28.33±2 mm) and Bacillus pumilus (25.33±2 mm) respectively. Antifungal activity was also performed and it showed maximum activity against Aspergillus flavous and Candida albicans6±1, 5±1mm respectively. These results showed that Operculina terpathum has good antibacterial and an Pharmacy Practice is a free full-text journal with a scope on the practice of pharmacy. Pharmacy Practice covers pharmaceutical care, social pharmacy, pharmacy education, process and outcome research, health promotion and education, health informatics, pharmacoepidemiology

Onosma bracteatum Wall (O. bracteatum) has been used traditionally for the management of arthritis; however, its therapeutic potential warrants further investigation. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-arthritic effects of the aqueous–ethanolic extract of O. bracteatum leaves (AeOB) in a rat model of complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis. Rats were treated with AeOB (250, 500, and 750 mg/kg), indomethacin (10 mg/kg), or a vehicle control from days 8 to 28 post-CFA injection. Arthritic score, paw diameter, and body weight were monitored at regular intervals. X-ray radiographs and histopathological analysis were performed to assess arthritic severity. Inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were quantified by qPCR and icromatography. Phytochemical analysis of AeOB revealed alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, Saponins, and glycosides. AeOB also exhibited antioxidant potential with an IC₅₀ of 73.22 µg/mL in a DPPH assay. AeOB and diclofenac exhibited anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activities. Rats treated with AeOB at 750 mg/kg and indomethacin showed significantly reduced arthritic symptoms and joint inflammation versus the CFA control. The AeOB treatment downregulated TNF-α and IL-6 and decreased CRP levels compared with arthritic rats. Radiography and histopathology also showed improved prognosis. These findings demonstrate the anti-arthritic potential of AeOB leaves.

Ephedra gerardiana (E. gerardiana,), commonly known as "Ma-huang," is a medicinal plant native to the Himalayan region. Historically, it has a long traditional use in various indigenous systems for medicinal purpose. The current review aims to summarize the present knowledge on the botanical description, phytochemistry, traditional uses, and pharmacological properties of E. gerardiana. This study was thoroughly based on previous literature and was conducted by using electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Relevant studies and recently published articles up till 2020 were included in this review. E. gerardiana is a small shrub-like plant characterized by jointed stems, scale-like leaves, and cylindrical cones. It belongs to the family Ephedraceae and is commonly found in arid and semi-arid regions. Phytochemical analysis has revealed the presence of various bioactive compounds in Ephedra gerardiana, including ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, norephedrine, and methyl ephedrine. These alkaloids are primarily responsible for their pharmacological activities. In traditional medicine, Ephedra gerardiana has been used for its bronchodilatory, diaphoretic, diuretic, and thermogenic properties. Additionally, it has been employed for the treatment of respiratory disorders, namely, asthma and nasal congestion, as a stimulant. Its bioactive alkaloids, particularly ephedrine, have been extensively studied for their potential therapeutic applications. However, caution should be exercised due to the potential side effects associated with ephedrine-containing products. Further research can explore its mechanisms of action, optimize dosage regimens, and investigate potential drug interactions to ensure its safe and effective use in clinical settings.

Herbal or natural medicines have been used since ancient time due to easy availability and less side effects. Still 80% population of developing countries uses herbal medicines to treat common diseases. The Crotalaria burhia plant is shrub having several chemical constituents like flavonoids, hormones, alkaloids phenolic compounds and terpenes etc. It traditionally used for fever, inflammation, chronic kidney pain, cancer, general bacterial infections, fungal infections, gout, cough, arthritis, diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, and typhoid etc. It has also been used in cattle for the removal of placenta after delivery. Due to traditional dosage formulation a few amount of drug reach to its target tissue. In recent past, Phyto-pharmaceutical work leads to new medicine delivery methods for example nanoparticles, microparticles, nano-suspension and liposome’s etc. For herbal medicine, this unique medication delivery mechanism enhances stability, solubility, absorption, bioavailability and therapeutic effect. The carrier in nano dosage forms increases the drug concentration at targeted tissue due to which systemic side effects can be reduced. Silver nanoparticles have been emerged as a potent component of novel drug delivery system because silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have its own antimicrobial and anticancer activities but they are non-toxic to human body. Ag NPs synthesized by natural plant extracts have shown enhanced anticancer and antimicrobial activities. The silver nanoparticles exert its antimicrobial and anticancer activity by disrupting cell wall permeability and cellular respiration. Recently use of Ag NPs has been increased to overcome the antibiotics resistance. Silver nanoparticles have ability to sterilize the hospital items. This new method of drug delivery is a protective way for administration of herbal drugs to target tissues.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) could be a typical disturbed throughout the globe. As of late, there are changed sorts of examinations and overview works region units considered. The individuals' Republic of Pakistan is that the place where there is magnificence while the common plants have selective meditative ayurvedic movement against inside emission Subordinate Diabetic Mellitus (IDDM) and Non-Insulin Subordinate Diabetic Mellitus (NIDDM). Among a few meds furthermore distinctive different meds, numerous herbs are praised to fix and the board diabetes; to boot they need no aspect impacts inside the prior some of the years, there must be an exponential development inside the arena of prescription then increasing quality each inside creating including created nations owing to their common source and fewer feature impacts during this audit work, we will in general essentially observe some potential plants therapeutic medication movement in the Individuals' Republic of Pakistan. A far-reaching audit of this paper is preliminary to a rundown of the plants with hostile to diabetic and associated valuable impacts beginning from entirely unexpected parts of the world. History indicated that meditative plants are utilized in old recuperating around the world for an all-inclusive chance to manage diabetes; here is frequently because of such herbs must manifestation characteristics moreover distinctive valuable features, while announced into logical writing. This effort increased this since quite a while ago run analyzers for extra exploration of the potential utilization of meditative plants having therapeutic medication potential just as indication action, inward emission mimetic movement, and cancer prevention agent action.