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Dr. Fuad Ameen
Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia

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0 Microbiology
0 Mycology
0 Phycology
0 Nano and microsystems

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Review
Published: 17 August 2021 in Journal of King Saud University - Science
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COVID-19 pandemic has severe impacts on human health and economy worldwide. Aerosols and droplets are the major routes of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus causing COVID-19 disease. However, wastewater is a possible transmission pathway. Therefore, many studies have been published about the relation of wastewater and COVID-19 disease. Many studies have shown the presence of viral RNA in wastewater throughout the world recently. Therefore, research on wastewater treatments and disinfection methods are needed. Communities must make sure that the virus is not transmitted via treated wastewater. This review focuses on the Saudi Arabian wastewater treatment and disinfection techniques to assess the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 transmission through wastewaters. In view of the current pandemic situation, the wide analysis of wastewater treatments in Saudi Arabia is needed. The review gives guidelines to develop the wastewater treatment in Saudi Arabia.

ACS Style

Hadil M. Alahdal; Sami AlYahya; Fuad Ameen; Hana Sonbol; Mohammad N. Alomary. A review on Saudi Arabian wastewater treatment facilities and available disinfection methods: implications to SARS-CoV-2 control. Journal of King Saud University - Science 2021, 33, 101574 -101574.

AMA Style

Hadil M. Alahdal, Sami AlYahya, Fuad Ameen, Hana Sonbol, Mohammad N. Alomary. A review on Saudi Arabian wastewater treatment facilities and available disinfection methods: implications to SARS-CoV-2 control. Journal of King Saud University - Science. 2021; 33 (7):101574-101574.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hadil M. Alahdal; Sami AlYahya; Fuad Ameen; Hana Sonbol; Mohammad N. Alomary. 2021. "A review on Saudi Arabian wastewater treatment facilities and available disinfection methods: implications to SARS-CoV-2 control." Journal of King Saud University - Science 33, no. 7: 101574-101574.

Journal article
Published: 27 July 2021 in Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
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In this work the Auda marsh, which is part of a system of Iraqi marshes, was sampled to assess the seasonal dynamics and controlling factors of microalgae productivity. The marshes are situated in a hot climate with high seasonal variation near the Arabian Gulf. Physicochemical and biological measurements were taken for water in three areas. Bio-optical models were constructed to describe the primary productivity and chlorophyll-a concentrations in the wet and dry seasons separately and also for the entire area of the Iraqi marshes. The models, as well as almost all measurements, showed high seasonal variation. The mean water temperature was 16 °C in the wet season and 28 °C in the dry season. An almost twofold difference was measured for turbidity and the concentrations of dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll-a for the two seasons. Chlorophyll-a appeared to be a better indicator of ecosystem conditions than primary productivity or biological oxygen demand, according to the results obtained from canonical correlation analysis. Nitrogen or phosphorous did not explain primary productivity or chlorophyll-a to an appreciable extent. Biological variables were related most strongly to water temperature and turbidity, which were the factors most important for controlling phytoplankton productivity in the marshes.

ACS Style

Fuad Ameen; Alaa Albueajee; Fikrat Hassan; Steven Stephenson; Ali Douabul. Controlling Factors of Phytoplankton Productivity in Marshes in a Hot Climate with High Seasonal Variation. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 2021, 9, 811 .

AMA Style

Fuad Ameen, Alaa Albueajee, Fikrat Hassan, Steven Stephenson, Ali Douabul. Controlling Factors of Phytoplankton Productivity in Marshes in a Hot Climate with High Seasonal Variation. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2021; 9 (8):811.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fuad Ameen; Alaa Albueajee; Fikrat Hassan; Steven Stephenson; Ali Douabul. 2021. "Controlling Factors of Phytoplankton Productivity in Marshes in a Hot Climate with High Seasonal Variation." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 8: 811.

Original article
Published: 23 July 2021 in Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery
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Vermicomposting is used to treat and recycle organic waste to be utilized in agriculture. This project aimed to improve the product of vermicomposting by adding biochar and microalgal biomass to the process. Experiment to vermicompost (60 days) mixed organic waste was carried out preparing 16 different treatments. The best treatment appeared to be the earthworm Eisenia fetida, 6% biochar, and the biomass of the microalgae Navicula sp. amended to the process. The product was mature vermicompost with pH 7, cation exchange capacity 70 cmolc kg−1, and the C:N ratio 9.5. All products were used as seedbeds and tested for the plant growth promotion of the vegetables Solanum lycopersicum, Capsicum annuum, and Solanum melongena. The best vermicomposting product increased plant growth, reduced the disease incidence of the leaves, and improved the disease resistance of the seeds the plants produced. Plant vigor index was highest in the best treatment varying between 4600 and 5000 depending on the plant species. For comparison, the lowest values were under 1000. Disease resistance was low for the best treatment (5%–15%) compared to the high values over 60%. The seeds ripened in the experimental plants had acquired resistance against the experimentally inoculated phytopathogen Pythium sp., known to commonly destroy seeds. In the best treatment, more than 90% of the seeds germinated while in all other treatments less than 56% germinated. In conclusion, the vermicomposting using the earthworm Eisenia fetida, 6% biochar, and the biomass of the microalgae Navicula sp. produced seedbed substate that improved the growth of vegetables and suppressed phytopathogens. The seedbed can be used in sustainable agriculture to reduce the use of fertilizers and chemicals.

ACS Style

Fatimah Alshehrei; Nouf M. Al-Enazi; Fuad Ameen. Vermicomposting amended with microalgal biomass and biochar produce phytopathogen-resistant seedbeds for vegetables. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery 2021, 1 -8.

AMA Style

Fatimah Alshehrei, Nouf M. Al-Enazi, Fuad Ameen. Vermicomposting amended with microalgal biomass and biochar produce phytopathogen-resistant seedbeds for vegetables. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery. 2021; ():1-8.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fatimah Alshehrei; Nouf M. Al-Enazi; Fuad Ameen. 2021. "Vermicomposting amended with microalgal biomass and biochar produce phytopathogen-resistant seedbeds for vegetables." Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery , no. : 1-8.

Journal article
Published: 21 July 2021 in Journal of Infection and Public Health
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COVID-19 disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 is lacking efficient medication although certain medications are used to relief its symptoms. We tested an FDA-approved antiviral medication namely rilpivirine to find a drug against SARS-CoV-2. The inhibition of rilpivirine against multiple SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic targets was studied using in silico method. The binding attraction of the protein-ligand complexes were calculated using molecular docking analysis. Docking rilpivirine with main protease (Mpro), papin like protease (PLpro), sprike protein (Spro), human angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2), and RNA dependent-RNA polymerase (RdRp) yielded binding energies of −8.07, −8.40, −7.55, −9.11, and −8.69 kcal/mol, respectively. The electrostatic interaction is the key force in stabilizing the RdRp-rilpivirine complex, while van der Waals interaction dominates in the ACE2 rilpivirine case. Our findings suggest that rilpivirine can inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication by targeting not only ACE2, but also RdRp and other targets, and therefore, it can be used to invoke altered mechanisms at the pre-entry and post-entry phases. As a result of our in silico molecular docking study, we suggest that rilpivirine is a compound that could act as a powerful inhibitor against SARS-CoV-2 targets. Although in vitro and in vivo experiments are needed to verify this prediction we believe that this antiviral drug may be used in preclinical trials to fight against SARS coronavirus.

ACS Style

Fuad Ameen; Estari Mamidala; Rakesh Davella; Shravan Vallala. Rilpivirine inhibits SARS-CoV-2 protein targets: A potential multi-target drug. Journal of Infection and Public Health 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Fuad Ameen, Estari Mamidala, Rakesh Davella, Shravan Vallala. Rilpivirine inhibits SARS-CoV-2 protein targets: A potential multi-target drug. Journal of Infection and Public Health. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fuad Ameen; Estari Mamidala; Rakesh Davella; Shravan Vallala. 2021. "Rilpivirine inhibits SARS-CoV-2 protein targets: A potential multi-target drug." Journal of Infection and Public Health , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 15 July 2021 in Environmental Research
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Nanoparticles (NPs) have enormous applications in every field of science by their particular size, diverse morphology, and higher surface-ratio, which provide them for unique properties. Nanosized materials can be used to overcome almost every challenge in science. The development of nanoscience, metal or metal oxide NPs have emerged as promising materials. Especially, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have remarkable applications in diverse fields including cosmetic, optical, and electrical fields, biomedicine, and catalysis. Several cost-effective strategies using different chemicals, plants, and microbes mediated ZnO NPs are reported in several studies, among which fungal-mediated approaches have gained tremendous interest due to their eco-friendly and simple protocols. In this study, we report the formation of ZnO NPs with sizes ranging between 13 and 15 nm using Acremonium potronii, a new fungal species found in fruits, soil, and marine environments. The obtained ZnO NPs are characterized by several analytical techniques, and their catalytic activity in the degradation of methylene blue dye is investigated, including a kinetic study to investigate the rate of degradation process. The ZnO NPs can degrade about 93% of the dye. This work demonstrates the potential of the synthesized ZnO NPs as dye removal catalysts and offers a platform for the application of A. potronii.

ACS Style

Fuad Ameen; Turki Dawoud; Saleh AlNadhari. Ecofriendly and low-cost synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles from Acremonium potronii for the photocatalytic degradation of azo dyes. Environmental Research 2021, 202, 111700 .

AMA Style

Fuad Ameen, Turki Dawoud, Saleh AlNadhari. Ecofriendly and low-cost synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles from Acremonium potronii for the photocatalytic degradation of azo dyes. Environmental Research. 2021; 202 ():111700.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fuad Ameen; Turki Dawoud; Saleh AlNadhari. 2021. "Ecofriendly and low-cost synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles from Acremonium potronii for the photocatalytic degradation of azo dyes." Environmental Research 202, no. : 111700.

Journal article
Published: 29 June 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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COVID-19 disease was announced as a global pandemic in March 2020 by the World health organization (WHO). Saudi Arabia was among the first countries to enforce restriction measures such as closing schools, remote working, and a travel ban. We aim to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people’s depression in Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional online survey of 1109 participants was conducted during the curfew between 18th of May and 11th of June 2020. An online questionnaire included questions about the commitment to follow the precautionary measures, knowledge on COVID-19, and depression. Depression was assessed with the Impact of Event Scale-Revised method. Females, unmarried individuals, elderly persons, parents of young children, unemployed, and small families were more likely to be depressed. Education level did not explain the differences in depression. However, the more knowledge the participants had about COVID-19 the better they followed the restrictions. A regression analysis revealed that the commitment of a person to follow the restrictions increased his/her depression symptoms. Attention should be paid to different groups of people in future psychiatric planning.

ACS Style

Hana Sonbol; Hadil Alahdal; Rasis Alanazi; Khawla Alsamhary; Fuad Ameen. COVID-19 Pandemic Causing Depression in Different Sociodemographic Groups in Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 6955 .

AMA Style

Hana Sonbol, Hadil Alahdal, Rasis Alanazi, Khawla Alsamhary, Fuad Ameen. COVID-19 Pandemic Causing Depression in Different Sociodemographic Groups in Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (13):6955.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hana Sonbol; Hadil Alahdal; Rasis Alanazi; Khawla Alsamhary; Fuad Ameen. 2021. "COVID-19 Pandemic Causing Depression in Different Sociodemographic Groups in Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 13: 6955.

Journal article
Published: 17 June 2021 in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
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The viral RNA of SARS-Coronavirus-2 is known to be contaminating municipal wastewater. We aimed to assess if COVID-19 disease is spreading through wastewater. We studied the amount of viral RNA in raw sewage and the efficiency of the sewage treatment to remove the virus. Sewage water was collected before and after the activated sludge process three times during summer 2020 from three different sewage treatment plants. The sewage treatment was efficient in removing SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA. Each sewage treatment plant gathered wastewater from one hospital, of which COVID-19 admissions were used to describe the level of disease occurrence in the area. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA–specific target genes (N1, N2, and E) was confirmed using RT-qPCR analysis. However, hospital admission did not correlate significantly with viral RNA. Moreover, viral RNA loads were relatively low, suggesting that sewage might preserve viral RNA in a hot climate only for a short time.

ACS Style

Hadil M. Alahdal; Fuad Ameen; Sami AlYahya; Hana Sonbol; Anas Khan; Yousef Alsofayan; Ahmed Alahmari. Municipal wastewater viral pollution in Saudi Arabia: effect of hot climate on COVID-19 disease spreading. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2021, 1 -8.

AMA Style

Hadil M. Alahdal, Fuad Ameen, Sami AlYahya, Hana Sonbol, Anas Khan, Yousef Alsofayan, Ahmed Alahmari. Municipal wastewater viral pollution in Saudi Arabia: effect of hot climate on COVID-19 disease spreading. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2021; ():1-8.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hadil M. Alahdal; Fuad Ameen; Sami AlYahya; Hana Sonbol; Anas Khan; Yousef Alsofayan; Ahmed Alahmari. 2021. "Municipal wastewater viral pollution in Saudi Arabia: effect of hot climate on COVID-19 disease spreading." Environmental Science and Pollution Research , no. : 1-8.

Journal article
Published: 10 June 2021 in Journal of Fungi
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Twenty fungal strains belonging to 17 species and isolated from male scalp hair were tested for their capacity to hydrolyze keratinous material from chicken feather. The identification of the three most efficient species was confirmed by sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA. Activities of fungal keratinases produced by Aspergillus stelliformis (strain AUMC 10920), A. sydowii (AUMC 10935), and Fusarium brachygibbosum (AUMC 10937) were 113, 120, and 130 IU mg−1 enzymes, respectively. The most favorable conditions were at pH 8.0 and 50 °C. Keratinase activity was markedly inhibited by EDTA and metal ions Ca+2, Co+2, Ni+2, Cu+2, Fe+2, Mg+2, and Zn+2, with differences between the fungal species. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on the activity of keratinase produced by A. stelliformis, A. sydowii, and F. brachygibbosum. F. brachygibbosum keratinase was the most active, but the species is not recommended because of its known phytopathogenicty. Aspergillus sydowii has many known biotechnological solutions and here we add another application of the species, as producer of keratinases. We introduce A. stelliformis as new producer of active fungal keratinases for biotechnological solutions, such as in the management of keratinous waste in poultry industry.

ACS Style

Suaad Alwakeel; Fuad Ameen; Hussah Al Gwaiz; Hana Sonbol; Salma Alghamdi; Ahmad Moharram; Osama Al-Bedak. Keratinases Produced by Aspergillus stelliformis, Aspergillus sydowii, and Fusarium brachygibbosum Isolated from Human Hair: Yield and Activity. Journal of Fungi 2021, 7, 471 .

AMA Style

Suaad Alwakeel, Fuad Ameen, Hussah Al Gwaiz, Hana Sonbol, Salma Alghamdi, Ahmad Moharram, Osama Al-Bedak. Keratinases Produced by Aspergillus stelliformis, Aspergillus sydowii, and Fusarium brachygibbosum Isolated from Human Hair: Yield and Activity. Journal of Fungi. 2021; 7 (6):471.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Suaad Alwakeel; Fuad Ameen; Hussah Al Gwaiz; Hana Sonbol; Salma Alghamdi; Ahmad Moharram; Osama Al-Bedak. 2021. "Keratinases Produced by Aspergillus stelliformis, Aspergillus sydowii, and Fusarium brachygibbosum Isolated from Human Hair: Yield and Activity." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 6: 471.

Journal article
Published: 03 June 2021 in Environmental Pollution
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Wastewater containg proteinaceous ossein effluents are problematic to be treated. We studied the possibility to treat ossein effluents with the marine cyanobacterium strain Cylindrospermum stangnale. After optimizing the culture conditions of the bacterium, three different types of ossein effluents were tested: dicalcium phosphate (DCP), high total dissolved solids (HTDS) and low total dissolved (LTDS). The effluents were diluted with sea water at the following ratios 1:1, 2:1 and 3:2. The optimum operating conditions were at 3000 lux light intensity and 37 °C temperature. The highest degradation of ossein effluens by C. stagnale was attained for a dilution ratio of 1:1. However, less diluted ossein effluents reduced the growth of C. stangnale drastically. The degradation was shown by measuring the chlorophyll a content and the dry weight of bacterial cells during a seven-day incubation period degradation. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis verified the degradation showing the presence of the degradation products of ossein (i.e. calcium carbonate and calcite) in the culture medium. Lipid composition in fatty acids appeared to be suitable for biofuel production. The results showed that the marine cyanobacterium C. stangnale can be used to treat ossein effluents, and at the same time, to produce biofuel in a sustainable way.

ACS Style

Fuad Ameen; Ali A. Al-Homaidan; Khawla Alsamhary; Nouf M. Al-Enazi; Saleh AlNadhari. Bioremediation of ossein effluents using the filamentous marine cyanobacterium Cylindrospermum stagnale. Environmental Pollution 2021, 284, 117507 .

AMA Style

Fuad Ameen, Ali A. Al-Homaidan, Khawla Alsamhary, Nouf M. Al-Enazi, Saleh AlNadhari. Bioremediation of ossein effluents using the filamentous marine cyanobacterium Cylindrospermum stagnale. Environmental Pollution. 2021; 284 ():117507.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fuad Ameen; Ali A. Al-Homaidan; Khawla Alsamhary; Nouf M. Al-Enazi; Saleh AlNadhari. 2021. "Bioremediation of ossein effluents using the filamentous marine cyanobacterium Cylindrospermum stagnale." Environmental Pollution 284, no. : 117507.

Original article
Published: 19 May 2021 in Applied Nanoscience
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This study is to implement an easy and greener method for the preparation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using fungal extract and investigate their antioxidant (DPPH), antifungal (Aspergillus niger) and cytotoxic effect against human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized by several analytical techniques, such as UV–Vis spectrophotometer (UV–Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results of analyses using spectroscopy (UV and FTIR) and diffraction (XRD) were compared and discussed with available literature. Electron microscopic techniques, such as SEM and TEM, illustrated spherical AgNPs. The inhibition of free radical DPPH by AgNPs was significant. The cytotoxicity of AgNPs was dose-dependent, and therefore, an increase in cell death was obtained with increasing concentrations of AgNPs. The IC50 values were found to be 34.27 µL/mL for the AgNPs and 17.69 µL/mL for the standard drug, Cisplatin. According to the knowledge of the authors and published literature, this is the first-ever report on the synthesis of AgNPs using the fungus Cladosporium halotolerans and evaluation of their biological activities.

ACS Style

Fuad Ameen; Ali A. Al-Homaidan; Ahmed Al-Sabri; Abobakr Almansob; Saleh AlNAdhari. Anti-oxidant, anti-fungal and cytotoxic effects of silver nanoparticles synthesized using marine fungus Cladosporium halotolerans. Applied Nanoscience 2021, 1 -9.

AMA Style

Fuad Ameen, Ali A. Al-Homaidan, Ahmed Al-Sabri, Abobakr Almansob, Saleh AlNAdhari. Anti-oxidant, anti-fungal and cytotoxic effects of silver nanoparticles synthesized using marine fungus Cladosporium halotolerans. Applied Nanoscience. 2021; ():1-9.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fuad Ameen; Ali A. Al-Homaidan; Ahmed Al-Sabri; Abobakr Almansob; Saleh AlNAdhari. 2021. "Anti-oxidant, anti-fungal and cytotoxic effects of silver nanoparticles synthesized using marine fungus Cladosporium halotolerans." Applied Nanoscience , no. : 1-9.

Review article
Published: 11 May 2021 in RSC Advances
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The genus Aspergillus is widely distributed in terrestrial and marine environments.

ACS Style

Raha Orfali; Mahmoud A. Aboseada; Nada M. Abdel-Wahab; Hossam M. Hassan; Shagufta Perveen; Fuad Ameen; Eman Alturki; Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen. Recent updates on the bioactive compounds of the marine-derived genus Aspergillus. RSC Advances 2021, 11, 17116 -17150.

AMA Style

Raha Orfali, Mahmoud A. Aboseada, Nada M. Abdel-Wahab, Hossam M. Hassan, Shagufta Perveen, Fuad Ameen, Eman Alturki, Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen. Recent updates on the bioactive compounds of the marine-derived genus Aspergillus. RSC Advances. 2021; 11 (28):17116-17150.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Raha Orfali; Mahmoud A. Aboseada; Nada M. Abdel-Wahab; Hossam M. Hassan; Shagufta Perveen; Fuad Ameen; Eman Alturki; Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen. 2021. "Recent updates on the bioactive compounds of the marine-derived genus Aspergillus." RSC Advances 11, no. 28: 17116-17150.

Journal article
Published: 16 April 2021 in Journal of Fungi
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The study reported herein represents an effort to characterize the wood-decay fungi associated with three study areas representative of the forest ecosystems found in northwest Arkansas. In addition to specimens collected in the field, small pieces of coarse woody debris (usually dead branches) were collected from the three study areas, returned to the laboratory, and placed in plastic incubation chambers to which water was added. Fruiting bodies of fungi appearing in these chambers over a period of several months were collected and processed in the same manner as specimens associated with decaying wood in the field. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) ribosomal DNA region was sequenced, and these sequences were blasted against the NCBI database. A total of 320 different fungal taxa were recorded, the majority of which could be identified to species. Two hundred thirteen taxa were recorded as field collections, and 68 taxa were recorded from the incubation chambers. Thirty-nine sequences could be recorded only as unidentified taxa. Collectively, the specimens of fungi collected in the forests of northwest Arkansas belong to 64 and 128 families and genera, respectively.

ACS Style

Nawaf Alshammari; Fuad Ameen; Muneera AlKahtani; Steven Stephenson. Characterizing the Assemblage of Wood-Decay Fungi in the Forests of Northwest Arkansas. Journal of Fungi 2021, 7, 309 .

AMA Style

Nawaf Alshammari, Fuad Ameen, Muneera AlKahtani, Steven Stephenson. Characterizing the Assemblage of Wood-Decay Fungi in the Forests of Northwest Arkansas. Journal of Fungi. 2021; 7 (4):309.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nawaf Alshammari; Fuad Ameen; Muneera AlKahtani; Steven Stephenson. 2021. "Characterizing the Assemblage of Wood-Decay Fungi in the Forests of Northwest Arkansas." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 4: 309.

Original article
Published: 10 April 2021 in Applied Nanoscience
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The progression of green nanoscience towards greater heights and new standards is obvious due to the non-toxic methods of synthesis and other added advantages. With this background, this research focused to prepare stable tin oxide nanoparticles (SnO2-NPs) mediated by the ethanolic extract of Galaxaura elongata (red algae). The biosynthesized nanoparticles were subjected to analyses by Scanning (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopes (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–visible (UV–vis) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopies (EDS). The outcomes as indicated by characterization tools demonstrate that Galaxaura elongata extract reduced SnCl2 into SnO2-NPs within 60–90 min at room temperature. The nanocrystallite structures were 35 nm in size. Related to the applications at the nanoscale, the antibacterial activity was investigated against Bacillus subtilis, Staphyloccous aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. The zone of inhibition did range between 16 and 24 mm for the NPs. Galaxaura elongata extract showed a moderate MIC value of 0.31–9.47 µg/ml on the tested organisms, while the MIC values of tin oxide nanoparticles are 15.6 µg/ml and 62.5 µg/ml. The SnO2-NPs were cytotoxic on A549 human lung carcinoma cells with an IC50 value of 28.08 μg/ml. The results of the study indicate that the NPs were effective antibacterial and cytotoxic agents.

ACS Style

Nouf M. Al-Enazi; Fuad Ameen; Khawla Alsamhary; Turki Dawoud; Fatimah Al-Khattaf; Saleh AlNadhari. Tin oxide nanoparticles (SnO2-NPs) synthesis using Galaxaura elongata and its anti-microbial and cytotoxicity study: a greenery approach. Applied Nanoscience 2021, 1 -9.

AMA Style

Nouf M. Al-Enazi, Fuad Ameen, Khawla Alsamhary, Turki Dawoud, Fatimah Al-Khattaf, Saleh AlNadhari. Tin oxide nanoparticles (SnO2-NPs) synthesis using Galaxaura elongata and its anti-microbial and cytotoxicity study: a greenery approach. Applied Nanoscience. 2021; ():1-9.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nouf M. Al-Enazi; Fuad Ameen; Khawla Alsamhary; Turki Dawoud; Fatimah Al-Khattaf; Saleh AlNadhari. 2021. "Tin oxide nanoparticles (SnO2-NPs) synthesis using Galaxaura elongata and its anti-microbial and cytotoxicity study: a greenery approach." Applied Nanoscience , no. : 1-9.

Journal article
Published: 08 March 2021 in Scientific Reports
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Green synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as a new and promising alternative to overcome the drug resistance problem. Peculiar nano-specific features of palladium NPs (Pd-NPs) offer invaluable possibilities for clinical treatment. Due to the development of multi-drug resistance (MDR) in pathogenic bacteria and the prevalence of cancers, use of algae-mediated Pd-NPs could be a prospective substitute. Therefore, Pd-NPs were synthesized by a one-step, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly green method using the extract from a brown alga, Padina boryana (PB-extract), and evaluated for their antibacterial, antibiofilm, and anticancer activities. Pd-NPs were physicochemically characterized for size, shape, morphology, surface area, charge, atomic composition, crystal structure, and capping of Pd-NPs by PB-extract biomolecules by various techniques. The data revealed crystalline Pd-NPs with an average diameter of 8.7 nm, crystal size/structure of 11.16 nm/face-centered cubic, lattice d-spacing of 0.226 nm, 28.31% as atomic percentage, surface area of 16.1 m2/g, hydrodynamic size of 48 nm, and zeta-potential of − 28.7 ± 1.6 mV. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis revealed the role of PB-extract in capping of Pd-NPs by various functional groups such as –OH, C=C, C–O, and C–N from phenols, aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic rings, and aliphatic amine. Out of 31, 23 compounds were found involved in biosynthesis by Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis. Isolated strains were identified as MDR Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia fergusonii, Acinetobacter pittii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aeromonas enteropelogenes, and Proteus mirabilis and Pd-NPs exhibited strong antibacterial/antibiofilm activities against them with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in the range of 62.5–125 μg/mL. Moreover, cell viability assays showed concentration-dependent anti-proliferation of breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Pd-NPs also enhanced mRNA expression of apoptotic marker genes in the order: p53 (5.5-folds) > bax (3.5-folds) > caspase-3 (3-folds) > caspase-9 (2-folds) at 125 μg/mL. This study suggested the possible role of PB-extract capped Pd-NPs for successful clinical management of MDR pathogens and breast cancer cells.

ACS Style

Hana Sonbol; Fuad Ameen; Sami AlYahya; Abobakr Almansob; Suaad Alwakeel. Padina boryana mediated green synthesis of crystalline palladium nanoparticles as potential nanodrug against multidrug resistant bacteria and cancer cells. Scientific Reports 2021, 11, 1 -19.

AMA Style

Hana Sonbol, Fuad Ameen, Sami AlYahya, Abobakr Almansob, Suaad Alwakeel. Padina boryana mediated green synthesis of crystalline palladium nanoparticles as potential nanodrug against multidrug resistant bacteria and cancer cells. Scientific Reports. 2021; 11 (1):1-19.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hana Sonbol; Fuad Ameen; Sami AlYahya; Abobakr Almansob; Suaad Alwakeel. 2021. "Padina boryana mediated green synthesis of crystalline palladium nanoparticles as potential nanodrug against multidrug resistant bacteria and cancer cells." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1: 1-19.

Review article
Published: 04 March 2021 in Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences
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Solid waste management is a serious ecological problem in Saudi Arabia due to rapid industrialization, population growth and urbanization. Recycling and sorting are in their infancy in Saudi Arabia and huge amounts of mixed household and industrial wastes are still dumped without any pre-treatment. Solid waste management techniques such as incineration, pyrolysis and gasification have high investment costs. Composting and vermicomposting of solid organic waste have been considered as an economically viable and sustainable waste management technologies. However, wastes often contain pollutants, such as heavy metals that are toxic to decomposer micro-organisms. Thus, heavy metals are a challenge for the successful biological treatments. Waste may also contain a mixture of organic pollutants that certain microbes, such as micro-algae are known to degrade. The present review paper focuses on understanding the role of vermicomposting as a management tool in mitigating solid organic wastes. It is noteworthy to mention that the microbes also play a pivotal role in the degradation process, wherein the enzymes secreted during the process aid in decomposition of complex molecules into simpler compounds. Also, the extracellular polymeric substance secreted by the earthworm under metal stress serves a source of nutrient for the bacteria to flourish. Henceforth the goal of discussion in present review shows the way forward in using vermicomposting as a novel approach in dealing with solid organic waste.

ACS Style

Fatimah Alshehrei; Fuad Ameen. Vermicomposting: A management tool to mitigate solid waste. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 2021, 28, 3284 -3293.

AMA Style

Fatimah Alshehrei, Fuad Ameen. Vermicomposting: A management tool to mitigate solid waste. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 2021; 28 (6):3284-3293.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fatimah Alshehrei; Fuad Ameen. 2021. "Vermicomposting: A management tool to mitigate solid waste." Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 28, no. 6: 3284-3293.

Applied microbial and cell physiology
Published: 24 February 2021 in Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
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The development of new anticancer agents with a selective action mechanism has become a significant scientific challenge, especially as cancers remain the world’s leading cause of death. Actinobacteria and its bioactive compounds have recently become a promising perspective alternative to cancer therapy. In this study, some extracted metabolites of Micromonospora exhibited potent antimicrobial with microbial inhibition zone ≥ 7 mm, and cytotoxic activities against MCF-7 and HepG2 cell lines with promising activities ≥ 85%. Additionally, treatment of DENA/CCl4 rats with the strain Micromonospora sp1 has induced a substantial amelioration of the liver functions, enhancing liver architecture near normal and antioxidant properties through elevation of antioxidant enzyme levels. So that these preliminary results can provide metabolites from Micromonospora sp1 as an anti-liver cancer therapy. Finally, we introduced the chemical profiling of Micromonospora sp1 metabolic extract by LC-QTOF-MS-MS technique, where eight compounds with reported antioxidant property anti-liver cancer activity were targeted, validated as iNOS inhibitor through molecular docking studies. The findings in this study can be a significant step towards studying natural bioactive products produced by Micromonospora spp. as agents for anti-liver cancer. • Metabolites of Micromonospora strain from unexploited Egyptian habitats were investigated with LC/MS library-based chemical profile and molecular docking studies as iNOS inhibitors. • Some Micromonospora strains exhibited potent antimicrobial with microbial inhibition zone ≥ 7 mm, and cytotoxic activities against MCF-7 and HepG2 cell lines with promising activities ≥ 85%. • Micromonospora extract exhibited anti-liver cancer activity in vivo through the antioxidant property by inhibiting the liver cancer biomarkers (LDH and AFP) and enhancing other biochemical parameters.

ACS Style

Mohamed S. Nafie; Noha M. Awad; Hend M. Tag; Ibrahim M. Abd El-Salam; Mohamed K. Diab; Sahar A. El-Shatoury. Micromonospora species from rarely-exploited Egyptian habitats: chemical profile, antimicrobial, and antitumor activities through antioxidant property. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 2021, 105, 2427 -2439.

AMA Style

Mohamed S. Nafie, Noha M. Awad, Hend M. Tag, Ibrahim M. Abd El-Salam, Mohamed K. Diab, Sahar A. El-Shatoury. Micromonospora species from rarely-exploited Egyptian habitats: chemical profile, antimicrobial, and antitumor activities through antioxidant property. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2021; 105 (6):2427-2439.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohamed S. Nafie; Noha M. Awad; Hend M. Tag; Ibrahim M. Abd El-Salam; Mohamed K. Diab; Sahar A. El-Shatoury. 2021. "Micromonospora species from rarely-exploited Egyptian habitats: chemical profile, antimicrobial, and antitumor activities through antioxidant property." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 105, no. 6: 2427-2439.

Erratum
Published: 15 February 2021 in Journal of Molecular Structure
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ACS Style

Fuad Ameen; Mahmood M.S. Abdullah; Ali A. Al-Homaidan; Hamad A. Al-Lohedan; Abdullah A. Al-Ghanayem; Abobakr Almansob. Corrigendum to ``Fabrication of silver nanoparticles employing the cyanobacterium spirulina platensis and its bactericidal effect against opportunistic nosocomial pathogens of the respiratory tract'' [Journal of Molecular Structure volume 1217 (2020) /Article number 128392]. Journal of Molecular Structure 2021, 1226, 129332 .

AMA Style

Fuad Ameen, Mahmood M.S. Abdullah, Ali A. Al-Homaidan, Hamad A. Al-Lohedan, Abdullah A. Al-Ghanayem, Abobakr Almansob. Corrigendum to ``Fabrication of silver nanoparticles employing the cyanobacterium spirulina platensis and its bactericidal effect against opportunistic nosocomial pathogens of the respiratory tract'' [Journal of Molecular Structure volume 1217 (2020) /Article number 128392]. Journal of Molecular Structure. 2021; 1226 ():129332.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fuad Ameen; Mahmood M.S. Abdullah; Ali A. Al-Homaidan; Hamad A. Al-Lohedan; Abdullah A. Al-Ghanayem; Abobakr Almansob. 2021. "Corrigendum to ``Fabrication of silver nanoparticles employing the cyanobacterium spirulina platensis and its bactericidal effect against opportunistic nosocomial pathogens of the respiratory tract'' [Journal of Molecular Structure volume 1217 (2020) /Article number 128392]." Journal of Molecular Structure 1226, no. : 129332.

Review
Published: 09 February 2021 in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
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The unregulated deposition of metal-based nanoparticles in terrestrial ecosystems particularly in agricultural systems has alarmingly threatened the sustainability of the environment and diversity of beneficial microbial populations such as soil bacteria and fungi. This occurs due to the poor treatment of biosolids during wastewater treatment and their application in agricultural fields to enhance the fertility of soils. Continuous deposition, low biodegradability, and longer persistence of metal nanoparticles in soils adversely impact the population of soil beneficial bacteria and fungi. The current literature suggests the toxic outcome of nanoparticle-fungi and nanoparticle-bacteria interactions based on various toxicity endpoints. Therefore, due to the extreme importance of beneficial soil bacteria and fungi for soil fertility and plant growth, this review summarizes the production, application, release of metal nanoparticles in the soil system and their impact on various soil microbes specifically plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, cellular toxicity and impact of nanoparticles on bioactive molecule production by microbes, destructive nanoparticle impact on unicellular, mycorrhizal, and cellulose/lignin degrading fungi. This review also highlights the molecular alterations in fungi and bacteria-induced by nanoparticles and suggests a plausible toxicity mechanism. This review advances the understanding of the nano-toxicity aspect as a common outcome of nanoparticles and fungi/bacteria interactions.

ACS Style

Fuad Ameen; Khawla Alsamhary; Jamila A. Alabdullatif; Saleh Alnadhari. A review on metal-based nanoparticles and their toxicity to beneficial soil bacteria and fungi. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2021, 213, 112027 .

AMA Style

Fuad Ameen, Khawla Alsamhary, Jamila A. Alabdullatif, Saleh Alnadhari. A review on metal-based nanoparticles and their toxicity to beneficial soil bacteria and fungi. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2021; 213 ():112027.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fuad Ameen; Khawla Alsamhary; Jamila A. Alabdullatif; Saleh Alnadhari. 2021. "A review on metal-based nanoparticles and their toxicity to beneficial soil bacteria and fungi." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 213, no. : 112027.

Research paper
Published: 26 January 2021 in Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering
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Endophytic fungi isolated from desert plants are among the less known organisms with potentially valuable applications. The bioactivities of an endophytic fungus isolated from Aloe vera, a plant found in central regions of Asir desert, Saudi Arabia. Based on primary phytochemical screening, an efficient isolate was selected and identified according to the sequence analysis of the internal spacer regions ITS1, ITS4 and the 5.8S region as Preussia africana belonging to the family Sporormiaceae. The crude extract of this fungus was evaluated for its bioactivities. Under static conditions, the crude extract at a concentration of 500 μg/mL had a strong 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging rate of 87%, whereas a higher concentration (100 μg/mL) had an astounding wound healing effect (42.6% at 48 h) when compared to positive control. Moreover, the crude extract with a concentration of 50 μg/mL was active against almost all cancer cell lines such as HeLa (cervical cancer), Hep G2 (liver cancer), MCF-7 (breast cancer), A549 (lung cancer), LN-229 (glioblastoma), A-431 (skin cancer), and kidney cell line (HEK 293T). The results suggest that the endophytic fungus P. africana from A. vera has wide therapeutic applications against severe disease conditions.

ACS Style

Fuad Ameen; Steven L. Stephenson; Saleh AlNadhari; Mohamed A. Yassin. Isolation, identification and bioactivity analysis of an endophytic fungus isolated from Aloe vera collected from Asir desert, Saudi Arabia. Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering 2021, 44, 1063 -1070.

AMA Style

Fuad Ameen, Steven L. Stephenson, Saleh AlNadhari, Mohamed A. Yassin. Isolation, identification and bioactivity analysis of an endophytic fungus isolated from Aloe vera collected from Asir desert, Saudi Arabia. Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering. 2021; 44 (6):1063-1070.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fuad Ameen; Steven L. Stephenson; Saleh AlNadhari; Mohamed A. Yassin. 2021. "Isolation, identification and bioactivity analysis of an endophytic fungus isolated from Aloe vera collected from Asir desert, Saudi Arabia." Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering 44, no. 6: 1063-1070.

Journal article
Published: 05 January 2021 in Chemosphere
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Azo dyes are toxic and recalcitrant environmental pollutants in wastewater and soil in many industrial sites in Asia and Arabic countries. The aim of this study was to find fungal species useful in wastewater treatment and soil remediation efforts. We assessed the ability of different indigenous Aspergillus strains (i.e. A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger and A. terreus) to degrade the azo dyes Acid Blue 29 (AB29), Disperse Red 1 (DR1) and Congo Red (CR). The optimal conditions for dye decolorization by the above-mentioned strains appeared to be as follows: temperature range 30–35 °C, pH 7, glucose as the carbon source (10 g/L), ammonium sulphate as the nitrogen source (1.5 g/L) and 100 mg/L initial dye concentration. The Aspergillus strains decolorized all azo dyes more than 86%. The HPLC and GC-MS analyses confirmed that aniline (retention time 9.0 min), 3-nitroaniline (retention time 15.92 min), 4-nitroanline (retention time 17.81 min), N,N’ diethyl-1,4-phenylendiamine (retention time 18.184 min), and benzidine (retention time 15.07 min) were formed as the intermediate metabolites of dye degradation. All Aspergillus strains decolorized 85% of the dyes in synthetic wastewater.

ACS Style

Fuad Ameen; Turki M. Dawoud; Fatimah Alshehrei; Khawla Alsamhary; Abobakr Almansob. Decolorization of acid blue 29, disperse red 1 and congo red by different indigenous fungal strains. Chemosphere 2021, 271, 129532 .

AMA Style

Fuad Ameen, Turki M. Dawoud, Fatimah Alshehrei, Khawla Alsamhary, Abobakr Almansob. Decolorization of acid blue 29, disperse red 1 and congo red by different indigenous fungal strains. Chemosphere. 2021; 271 ():129532.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fuad Ameen; Turki M. Dawoud; Fatimah Alshehrei; Khawla Alsamhary; Abobakr Almansob. 2021. "Decolorization of acid blue 29, disperse red 1 and congo red by different indigenous fungal strains." Chemosphere 271, no. : 129532.