OptrA is an ATP-binding cassette (ABC)-F protein that confers resistance to oxazolidinones and phenicols and can be either plasmid-encoded or chromosomally encoded. Here, we isolated 13 Enterococcus faecalis strains possessing a linezolid MIC of ≥4 mg/liter from nursery pigs in swine herds located across Brazil. Genome sequence comparison showed that these strains possess optrA in different genetic contexts occurring in 5 different E. faecalis sequence type backgrounds.

This work brings the promise of MCM-41 mesoporous silica as a vehicle for red propolis for the development of controlled release drugs and delivery to a specific target site. The synthesis of MCM-41 by the sol–gel method with a pore size of approximately 3.6 nm and the incorporation of red propolis extract by the physical adsorption method in ethanolic medium were easily accomplished with around 15% encapsulation. MCM-41 and MCM-41 with red propolis (MCM-41/Pr) were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, N₂ adsorption–desorption, scanning electron microscopy, and an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection (UPLC-DAD). In vitro release of encapsulated red propolis was analyzed in phosphate buffer at pH 7.2, 7.4, and 7.6. An in vitro test for MCM-41/Pr antioxidant activity was performed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl as well as analysis of antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus by the well diffusion method. UPLC-DAD analysis showed that the integrity of the red propolis constituents was maintained after the embed process, and the antioxidant and antibacterial activities were preserved.

Trichoderma spp. produce diverse secondary metabolites with biological activity. This study explored the antimicrobial, antibiofilm, antioxidant, and cytotoxic properties of metabolites from two native Trichoderma strains, 10BR1 and UEPA AR12, isolated from rhizospheric soils. Organic extracts from both strains demonstrated broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, inhibiting Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as various Candida species, with notable efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus (MICs: 15.6–31.25 µg/mL). The extracts also showed antibiofilm activity, with UEPA AR12 exhibiting the highest inhibition against Escherichia coli (81.8%), Enterococcus faecalis (92.8%), Candida albicans (87.9%), and Candida parapsilosis (89.3%). Antioxidant activity, assessed via DPPH assay, revealed a dose-dependent radical scavenging effect (12.88% to 39.67% at 7.8–1000 µg/mL). Cytotoxicity assays indicated that UEPA AR12 extracts were more cytotoxic (IC₅₀: 202.5–234.3 µg/mL) than 10BR1 (IC₅₀: 368.7–602.1 µg/mL) in non-tumor cells, with similar trends in tumor cells (Huh7). HPLC/MS analysis identified 21 metabolites in the extracts. Genomic analyses, supported by rpb2 gene and phylogenetic clustering, confirmed that both strains were T. afroharzianum. FUNGISMASH revealed multiple biosynthetic gene clusters, predominantly Type I polyketide synthase (T1PKS). Additionally, targeted genomic analyses did not detect mycotoxin-related genes. These findings highlight the antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and antioxidant potentials of these strains, positioning them as sources of bioactive metabolites for pharmaceutical applications.

RESUMO: O trato intestinal de um indivíduo é formado por inúmeros microrganismos que, em conjunto, formam a microbiota intestinal, e que atuam auxiliando em diversas funções metabólicas e imunológicas. Dessa forma, sua formação se inicia muito antes do nascimento e continua se fixando ao longo da vida, especialmente durante a infância, período em que as funções intestinais ainda são imaturas. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar os fatores associados ao estabelecimento da microbiota intestinal de neonatos. Foi realizado um estudo do tipo descritivo, tipo revisão integrativa de literatura, com busca de artigos, em janeiro de 2020, nas bases de dados LILACS, MEDLINE e biblioteca eletrônica SciELO, por meio dos termos "Growth & Development", "Gastrointestinal Microbiome" e Newborn. Dos noventa e cinco artigos resgatados, incluíram-se dezessete estudos com publicação entre 2014 e 2019. Esses estudos revelaram que fatores, tais como tipo de parto, dieta infantil, suplementação com probióticos e prebióticos, uso de antibióticos e idade gestacional, estão associados ao processo de estabelecimento da microbiota intestinal neonatal. Ao analisar esses fatores, infere-se que colonização intestinal neonatal adequada está associada ao aleitamento materno exclusivo, parto normal, suplementação com prebióticos e probióticos, enquanto o parto cirúrgico, uso de fórmulas, antibióticos e maior tempo de internação hospitalar, contribuem para uma microbiota rica em microrganismos potencialmente patogênicos. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Microflora Intestinal; Neonatos; Crescimento e Desenvolvimento.