Over the past decades, atopic diseases have emerged as a growing global health concern. The Global Report on Atopic Dermatitis 2022 estimated that approximately 223 million people worldwide were living with atopic dermatitis in 2022, with around 43 million being children or adolescents. The financial burden associated with the treatment of this condition poses a significant challenge for both healthcare systems and patients. The current therapeutic approach for atopic diseases primarily focuses on symptomatic management, aiming to mitigate the effects of an overactive immune system. The most widely used treatments include topical or systemic corticosteroids, which suppress inflammation, and emollients, which help restore the skin barrier function. However, prolonged corticosteroid use is associated with adverse effects, including impaired immune response and reduced ability to combat external and internal threats. Consequently, there is a growing interest in developing alternative therapeutic strategies for managing atopic dermatitis. Among these emerging treatments, hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) appears particularly promising. HBOT has a beneficial effect on the vascular and immune systems, which results in improved functioning of tissues and organs. This therapy has demonstrated efficacy in promoting wound healing, particularly in conditions such as thermal burns and diabetic foot ulcers. Given these properties, HBOT is being tested as a potential adjunctive therapy for atopic dermatitis and other allergy-related diseases. In this paper, we present the current state of knowledge regarding the application of HBOT in the treatment of atopic and immune-mediated conditions, with a focus on its immunomodulatory and regenerative effects.

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways affecting over 260 million people worldwide and remains a major clinical and socioeconomic challenge. Despite substantial advances in pharmacological management (including inhaled corticosteroids, β₂-agonists, leukotriene receptor antagonists, and biologic therapies), many patients continue to experience uncontrolled symptoms or corticosteroid resistance. This persistent unmet need has prompted interest in adjunctive and alternative treatment strategies. Oxygen therapy during asthma exacerbations and worsening pulmonary obstruction is a standard life-saving procedure. However, various forms of oxygen therapy are being considered for long-term treatment to reduce the number of exacerbations. Experimental and preliminary clinical data indicate that oxygen therapy may offer multiple benefits, including improved oxygenation, anti-inflammatory effects, reduced oxidative stress, modulation of nitric oxide signaling, enhanced immune responses, and promotion of angiogenesis. These mechanisms may collectively alleviate airway inflammation and improve pulmonary function. Nevertheless, clinical evidence on hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in asthma remains limited. Existing small-scale studies suggest its safety but provide inconclusive results regarding its efficacy. Potential adverse effects such as barotrauma, oxygen toxicity, and transient anxiety necessitate careful patient selection and standardized treatment protocols. Further large-scale, randomized controlled trials are required to determine the therapeutic value of HBOT and to define its role as an adjunctive therapy in the comprehensive management of asthma.

Introduction and purpose Post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) is an iatrogenic complication of lumbar puncture and neuraxial procedures, characterized by an orthostatic headache that typically develops within 48–72 hours following dural puncture. The pathophysiology of PDPH is primarily associated with cerebrospinal fluid leakage, leading to decreased intracranial pressure, traction of pain-sensitive intracranial structures, and secondary cerebral vasodilation. The incidence of PDPH depends on patient-related factors as well as technical aspects of the procedure, with the highest risk observed in young women, particularly in the obstetric population. Diagnosis is based on the characteristic clinical presentation in temporal association with a recent neuraxial intervention. Management includes conservative and pharmacological approaches; however, in refractory cases, the epidural blood patch remains the most effective therapeutic intervention. Material and methods The literature available in Pubmed and Google Scholar databases was conducted using the key words. Results The literature review indicates that post-dural puncture headache remains a common complication following dural puncture procedures. Conservative management, including bed rest, hydration, caffeine administration, and analgesics, is often effective in mild cases. In patients with persistent or severe symptoms, interventional methods—most notably the epidural blood patch—demonstrate high efficacy and rapid symptom relief. Conclusions Post-dural puncture headache is a clinically significant condition that may substantially affect patient comfort and recovery. Current evidence supports a stepwise approach to treatment, beginning with conservative measures and progressing to interventional therapies when necessary. The epidural blood patch remains the gold standard for refractory cases.