Devido a sua etiologia multifatorial, a doença cárie está associada a diversos fatores, incluindo comportamentais, ambientais e socioeconômicos, hábitos alimentares, história odontológica e médica pregressa familiar, experiência prévia de cárie, bem como a carência de serviços odontológicos. Diante do grande número de fatores existentes nos dias atuais que podem estar relacionados com o surgimento da lesão e instalação da doença cárie, torna-se necessário a investigação das evidências científicas mais recentes sobre este tema. Portanto, o objetivo desta scoping review foi evidenciar a literatura científica sobre os fatores de risco relacionados atualmente com o desenvolvimento da doença cárie. Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica em Março de 2021 utilizando os descritores “Dental Caries”; ”Dental Care for Children”; “Health Education, Dental” e “Epidemiology”, em bases de dados eletrônicas. Após a seleção dos artigos, os dados extraídos dos artigos selecionados foram incluídos em uma tabela padronizada, e as informações obtidas, sintetizadas em quadro para melhor interpretação dos resultados disponíveis. Apesar de existirem variados fatores predisponentes, a maioria indica que a situação socioeconômica, falta de acesso odontológico e hábitos alimentares são as condições mais predominantes ao surgimento da doença. Devido à diversidade dos artigos e conclusões encontradas, comparações são difíceis de serem bem definidas. Porém, é notório o surgimento de novos fatores de risco associados a cárie dentária, por ser uma doença complexa, de etiologia multifatorial. Apesar da variedade de fatores associados, conclui-se que os principais fatores predisponentes associados à cárie dentária são os sociodemográficos e comportamentais.

Congenital heart diseases consist of structural defects of the heart and represent serious malformations, which manifest in newborns, contributing significantly to perinatal mortality. The dental management of patients with this condition may require caution by professionals, owing to the possibility of bleeding and the risk of causing an infectious endocarditis due to the variety of microorganisms residing in the oral cavity. The present case report aimed to detail dental care under general anesthesia in a hospital for a child with congenital heart disease. Female patient, 4 years old, was diagnosed with atrial and interventricular communication and hemodynamic repercussion 21 days after birth. The patient received dental treatment according to the proposed plan, which included dental restorations, conservative pulp therapy and extraction of lower anterior teeth. Posteriorly, a removable partial prosthesis was made for the patient for the purpose of functional aesthetic rehabilitation. The use of general anesthesia may reduce the risk of infective endocarditis and allows the performance of several dental procedures with a single antibiotic prophylaxis, since the cardiac pediatric patient needs a correct planning of the procedures to be performed.

This study evaluated territorial disparities in dental care for disabled persons in Brazil’s public healthcare system from 2014 to 2023. The person-year incidence of outpatient dental procedures carried out by special care dentistry specialists and hospitalizations for dental procedures for disabled persons were compared across different regions and against the national estimate. In addition, productivity was correlated with oral health-related indicators. The significance level was set at 5%. The northern region exhibited the highest outpatient productivity, while the southern region showed lower productivity compared to the national estimate (both p-value < 0.05). This pattern was reversed in inpatient productivity (both p-value < 0.05), with the northeastern and central–western regions also below average (both p-value < 0.05). There were no significant correlations between the indicators and inpatient productivity, but outpatient productivity was positively correlated with the proportions of inhabitants who self-rated their general and oral health as “poor” or “very poor”, who have never visited a dentist, and who visited a dentist for tooth extraction (all p-values < 0.05). Territorial disparities in dental care for disabled persons were observed within Brazil’s public healthcare system, and they were correlated with unfavorable oral health-related indicators at the population level.

Secondary disorders in consequences to diabetes involves the development of several diseases in the oral cavity, as periodontitis, xerostomy, infection by diverse pathogens and dysfunctions on the salivary secretion. These alterations occur partially, in consequence of the oxidative stress occasioned by hyperglycemia, and are important in patients undiagnosed or that have flaws in their therapeutic process. The aim of this work was to evaluate biochemical alterations of submandibular glands in response to oxidative stress during diabetes mellitus, and verify the effects of N-acetylcystein supplementation to diabetic rats, specially on the regulation of modifications related to glutathione and thiol proteins. For this purpose, the levels of some oxidative stress markers and the occurrence of the post-translational event of S-glutathionylation were evaluated. The a-amilase degranulation by isolated acinar cells and glandular relative weight was also measured for each experimental group. The compound was able to decrease the lipoperoxidation and proteic oxidation observed in the submandibular gland of diabetic rats, preventing the decrease of the tecidual reducing power and increasing the occurrence of the post-translational process of S-glutathionylation. The diabetic condition increases the degranulation of a-amilase and the glandular weight, but the supplementation with N-acetylcystein did not affect these events. Together these findings may help to elucidate the status of oxidative stress on salivary glands and suggest new therapeutic strategies employing antioxidants of low molecular weight to prevent oral and systemic dysfunctions related to diabetes.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) é uma doença identificada pelo elevado nível de glicose no sangue que é resultante de um defeito na secreção de insulina. Indivíduos com diabetes descontrolada apresentam alterações importantes na cavidade oral como a periodontite e hipossalivação, tornando mais predisposto à cáries, xerostomia, além de afetar a imunidade e aumentar a susceptibilidade à infecções. Neste estudo, avaliou-se a atividade do extrato hidroetanólico de Raphanus sativus (rabanete) na diminuição do estresse oxidativo em ratos wistar machos induzidos a diabetes através de Aloxano (120 mg/kg) e tratados em um período de 90 dias com o extrato hidroetanólico de Raphanus Sativus diariamente por gavagem, na concentração de 300 mg/kg/dia. O extrato testado apresentou resultados positivos, atuando na diminuição do estresse oxidativo, reduzindo a lipoperoxidação (MDA) e oxidação proteica nas glândulas submandibulares dos ratos com diabetes. O extrato hidroetanólico de Raphanus sativus possui propriedades antioxidantes capazes de reverter os danos causados pelo extressse oxidativo. Os resultados deste trabalho mostram que o extrato de Raphanus sativus pode ser tornar uma opção terapêutica para o controle dos danos da DM que envolvam a cavidade bucal.