Objective: Identify how surgical team members uniquely contribute to teamwork and adapt their teamwork skills during instances of uncertainty. Background: The importance of surgical teamwork in preventing patient harm is well documented. Yet, little is known about how key roles (nurse, anesthesiologist, surgeon, and medical trainee) uniquely contribute to teamwork during instances of uncertainty, particularly when adapting to and rectifying an intraoperative adverse event (IAE). Methods: Audiovisual data of 23 laparoscopic cases from a large community teaching hospital were prospectively captured using OR Black Box. Human factors researchers retrospectively coded videos for teamwork skills (backup behavior, coordination, psychological safety, situation assessment, team decision-making, and leadership) by team role under 2 conditions of uncertainty: associated with an IAE versus no IAE. Surgeons identified IAEs. Results: In all, 1015 instances of teamwork skills were observed. Nurses adapted to IAEs by expressing more backup behavior skills (5.3× increase; 13.9 instances/hour during an IAE vs 2.2 instances/hour when no IAE) while surgeons and medical trainees expressed more psychological safety skills (surgeons: 3.6× increase; 30.0 instances/hour vs 6.6 instances/hour and trainees: 6.6× increase; 31.2 instances/hour vs 4.1 instances/hour). All roles expressed fewer situation assessment skills during an IAE versus no IAE. Conclusions: OR Black Box enabled the assessment of critically important details about how team members uniquely contribute during instances of uncertainty. Some teamwork skills were amplified, while others dampened when dealing with IAEs. The knowledge of how each role contributes to teamwork and adapts to IAEs should be used to inform the design of tailored interventions to strengthen interprofessional teamwork.

Background: Educational programs that enhance healthcare providers’ competence in managing the care of patients with sexual dysfunction following prostate cancer treatments are needed to facilitate comprehensive sexual health treatments for patients and their partners. Aim: In this study we evaluated the impact of a real-world online sexual health educational intervention called the True North Sexual Health and Rehabilitation eTraining Program. This program is designed to increase healthcare providers’ knowledge and self-efficacy in providing sexual healthcare to prostate cancer patients and their partners. Methods: Healthcare providers were invited to join a 12-week virtual training program. Participants completed precourse surveys (n = 89), retrospective prepost surveys (n = 58), and a 3-month follow-up survey (subset n = 18) to assess retention of relevant outcomes. Additionally, a course satisfaction survey was administered to participants (n = 57) at the end of the course. Outcomes: The main outcomes focused on participants’ perceived knowledge and self-efficacy in conducting assessments and providing interventions for various relevant physical, functional, psychological, and relational domains of sexual dysfunction in prostate cancer patients and their partners. Results: According to the retrospective analysis of post-then-pre–survey results, graduates perceived that their knowledge of and self-efficacy in providing sexual health counseling improved after completing the course. The 3-month follow-up survey indicated that the course graduate self-efficacy remained high 3 months after the course. Furthermore, the satisfaction survey indicated that a vast majority (98.2%) of participants were satisfied with the educational intervention. Clinical Implications: This real-world sexual health educational intervention can increase self-efficacy and knowledge in healthcare providers who are supporting prostate cancer patients dealing with sexual dysfunction. Strengths and Limitations: The use of a retrospective post-then-pre–survey helped to mitigate response shift bias while minimizing data gaps. However, it is important to note that this investigation was not a traditional research study and lacked a control group, thus limiting causal attributions. Conclusion: The True North Sexual Health and Rehabilitation eTraining program acts as an accessible and effective resource for healthcare providers seeking specialized training in providing sexual healthcare for prostate cancer patients and their partners.

Teamwork is an essential aspect to maintaining high-quality healthcare. This is especially true during times of uncertainty, when collaborative problem solving is necessary for clinical teams to adapt and deliver safe and effective care. We conducted a prospective observational study using audio/visual analysis captured by OR Black Box. Human factors experts transcribed and coded the videos using an evidence-based teamwork framework, specific to healthcare. We identified teamwork competencies that were either present or absent during moments of uncertainty in the operating room. Four main team roles (nurses, anesthesiologists, surgeons and trainees) were studied. We identified 3539 instances of teamwork, during 180 hours of surgical observation, and categorized them into 7 competencies. Team leadership was expressed significantly more often by surgeons compared to other team members whereas backup behaviour was expressed significantly more by nurses. Understanding how each team role uniquely contributes to teamwork can help develop specific and actionable teamwork interventions, which could ultimately lead to increased safety in the OR.

Sexual health is compromised by the diagnosis and treatment of virtually all cancer types. Despite the prevalence and negative impact of sexual dysfunction, sexual health clinics are the exception in cancer centers. Consequently, there is a need for effective, efficient, and inclusive sexual health programming in oncology. This paper describes the development of the innovative Sexual Health Clinic (SHC) utilizing a hybrid model of integrated in-person and virtual care. The SHC evolved from a fusion of the in-person and virtual prostate cancer clinics at Princess Margaret. This hybrid care model was adapted to include six additional cancer sites (cervical, ovarian, testicular, bladder, kidney, and head and neck). The SHC is theoretically founded in a biopsychosocial framework and emphasizes interdisciplinary intervention teams, participation by the partner, and a medical, psychological, and interpersonal approach. Virtual visits are tailored to patients based on biological sex, cancer type, and treatment type. Highly trained sexual health counselors facilitate the virtual clinic and provide an additional layer of personalization and a “human touch”. The in-person visits complement virtual care by providing comprehensive sexual health assessment and sexual medicine prescription. The SHC is an innovative care model which has the potential to close the gap in sexual healthcare. The SHC is designed as a transferable, stand-alone clinic which can be shared with cancer centers.

In this secondary analysis of a pilot randomized controlled trial of university students aged 18 to 29 years, we assessed the feasibility of providing wearable devices to measure physical activity over 6 months, finding that daily adherence declined over time in both groups, while moderate and vigorous physical activity levels remained similar between the control and intervention groups.

Artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots are being explored to deliver health coaching across multiple contexts. However, the quality and safety of chatbot-generated advice is influenced by how prompts are constructed, and prompt design remains inconsistently described in the literature. This scoping review examined how prompt design has been applied and evaluated in AI health coaching chatbots and summarized the study designs, prompt strategies, and outcomes reported across studies. We conducted a scoping review following PRISMA-ScR guidance and searched PubMed, Embase/Ovid MEDLINE ALL, PsycINFO, IEEE Xplore, and Scopus for peer-reviewed studies published up to October 2025. Eligible studies examined prompt design in large language model–based health coaching chatbots. Data were extracted using a standardized form and synthesized narratively. Twelve studies were included, spanning mental health, medication use, physical activity, and nutrition contexts. Study designs were primarily simulation-based, with few involving real users. Prompt strategies were grouped into structural modifications, prompting techniques, and role-based approaches. Structural modifications, such as increasing specificity and adding constraints, were most common and were reported to improve response quality and clarity. Prompting techniques were reported to improve task performance but sometimes reduced focus or consistency. Role-based prompting influenced tone, specificity, and guideline alignment. Outcomes focused mainly on response quality, with fewer studies assessing safety or user experience and only one evaluating clinical outcomes. Prompt design is a key, modifiable determinant of chatbot performance. However, current evidence is limited by heterogeneous study designs and minimal real-world evaluation. Greater focus on prompt design is needed to improve the quality and safety of AI-delivered health coaching and its real-world impact on health outcomes.