By integrating various electron-donating units into CTFs, their photophysical and photochemical properties can be facilely modulated to achieve an enhanced performance for photocatalytic selective oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides.

A comprehensive review of recent developments in the study of sulfur mustard fluorescent sensors, organized according to detection strategies, including direct detection, indicator displacement assay, and degradation product detection.

QM/MM and MM MD simulations reveal that the degraded product release and the P–S cleavage are rate-limiting steps in the enzymatic degradation of R_P-VX and S_P-VX by PTE, respectively, showing notable stereospecificity of the substrate.

Exposure to sulfur mustard can result in severe injury or even fatalities in humans. Therefore, the development of reliable and high-performance sensors for detecting sulfur mustard is critical. Herein, WO₃ thin films are prepared as sulfur mustard simulant (e.g., 2-chloroethyl ethylsulfide, 2-CEES) sensing materials using sputter deposition followed by high-temperature annealing. The 2-CEES gas sensors fabricated via WO₃ porous films realize high-performance detection of 2-CEES at 260 °C with an impressive detection limit (15 ppb), fast response (58 s), long-term stability, and good selectivity. Through systematic optimization of deposition and annealing parameters, WO₃ porous thin films with tailored oxygen vacancy concentrations were prepared, facilitating device fabrication. This approach provides an effective strategy for the batch production of miniaturized devices enabling real-time monitoring of vesicant agents.