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Manuel Baumann
Institute for Technology Assessment and Systems Analysis (ITAS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany

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Research article
Published: 22 February 2021 in Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
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Access to an adequate level of uninterrupted, high quality, affordable, sufficient and useful energy services varies dramatically across countries. While some nations still experience energy poverty and struggle to fulfil basic needs, others consume well over what is considered sufficient to sustain wellbeing and human flourishing. These imbalances represent fundamental injustices that must be urgently addressed and resolved. Given current inequalities, this paper asks, in general, whether it is possible to establish a human right to energy and, more specifically, whether the Capabilities Approach (CA) can provide a solid theoretical foundation for the claim to a human right to access energy services. We argue, on the one hand, that it is possible to identify concrete ranges of individual energy consumption that, if “translated” into useful energy services, constitute the adequate (not just minimal) preconditions for achieving core capabilities in different geographical contexts. On the other hand, we use the CA as a normative framework to argue for a capability-based human right to access necessary energy services such as nutrition, cooking fuel and electricity. We support these claims in two main ways. First, by looking at how individual energy consumption impacts human development and wellbeing. Second, we offer a comparison between access to specific energy services and the Human Development Index (HDI). The human right to access necessary energy services should be understood in both moral and legal terms. It should be integrated within both the international United Nations human rights framework and international energy law.

ACS Style

Giovanni Frigo; Manuel Baumann; Rafaela Hillerbrand. Energy and the Good Life: Capabilities as the Foundation of the Right to Access Energy Services. Journal of Human Development and Capabilities 2021, 22, 218 -248.

AMA Style

Giovanni Frigo, Manuel Baumann, Rafaela Hillerbrand. Energy and the Good Life: Capabilities as the Foundation of the Right to Access Energy Services. Journal of Human Development and Capabilities. 2021; 22 (2):218-248.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giovanni Frigo; Manuel Baumann; Rafaela Hillerbrand. 2021. "Energy and the Good Life: Capabilities as the Foundation of the Right to Access Energy Services." Journal of Human Development and Capabilities 22, no. 2: 218-248.

Corrigendum
Published: 10 February 2021 in Journal of Industrial Ecology
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ACS Style

Marit Mohr; Jens F. Peters; Manuel Baumann; Marcel Weil. Corrigendum to Mohr, M., Peters, J.F., Baumann, M., and Weil, M. (2020). Toward a cell‐chemistry specific life cycle assessment of lithium‐ion battery recycling processes. Journal of Industrial Ecology 24(6): 1310‐1322. Journal of Industrial Ecology 2021, 25, 537 -537.

AMA Style

Marit Mohr, Jens F. Peters, Manuel Baumann, Marcel Weil. Corrigendum to Mohr, M., Peters, J.F., Baumann, M., and Weil, M. (2020). Toward a cell‐chemistry specific life cycle assessment of lithium‐ion battery recycling processes. Journal of Industrial Ecology 24(6): 1310‐1322. Journal of Industrial Ecology. 2021; 25 (2):537-537.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marit Mohr; Jens F. Peters; Manuel Baumann; Marcel Weil. 2021. "Corrigendum to Mohr, M., Peters, J.F., Baumann, M., and Weil, M. (2020). Toward a cell‐chemistry specific life cycle assessment of lithium‐ion battery recycling processes. Journal of Industrial Ecology 24(6): 1310‐1322." Journal of Industrial Ecology 25, no. 2: 537-537.

Journal article
Published: 13 January 2021 in Technological Forecasting and Social Change
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Patent documents provide knowledge about which countries are investing in certain technologies and make it possible to identify potential innovation trends. The aim of this article is to analyze trends in patenting that might result in innovations for three energy technologies: thermochemical conversion of biomass (Bioenergy), lithium-ion battery storage, and hydrogen production by alkaline water electrolysis. Based on different patent indicators, the most active countries are compared to provide insights into the global market position of a country, particularly Germany which is used as a reference here. In line with this, a freely available patent analysis software tool was developed directly using the European Patent Office database through their Open Patent Services. The results for named technologies show that patenting activity of Germany is considered lower in comparison to countries such as Japan, China, and the US. Whereas the position of Germany for batteries and hydrogen is comparable, bioenergy shows different results regarding the identified countries and the number of patents found. However, a broader context beyond patenting is suggested for consideration to make robust statements about particular technology trends. The presented tool and methodology in this study can serve as a blueprint for explorative assessments in any technological domain.

ACS Style

Manuel Baumann; Tobias Domnik; Martina Haase; Christina Wulf; Philip Emmerich; Christine Rösch; Petra Zapp; Tobias Naegler; Marcel Weil. Comparative patent analysis for the identification of global research trends for the case of battery storage, hydrogen and bioenergy. Technological Forecasting and Social Change 2021, 165, 120505 .

AMA Style

Manuel Baumann, Tobias Domnik, Martina Haase, Christina Wulf, Philip Emmerich, Christine Rösch, Petra Zapp, Tobias Naegler, Marcel Weil. Comparative patent analysis for the identification of global research trends for the case of battery storage, hydrogen and bioenergy. Technological Forecasting and Social Change. 2021; 165 ():120505.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Manuel Baumann; Tobias Domnik; Martina Haase; Christina Wulf; Philip Emmerich; Christine Rösch; Petra Zapp; Tobias Naegler; Marcel Weil. 2021. "Comparative patent analysis for the identification of global research trends for the case of battery storage, hydrogen and bioenergy." Technological Forecasting and Social Change 165, no. : 120505.

Journal article
Published: 06 October 2020 in Sustainability
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In order to analyse long-term transformation pathways, energy system models generally focus on economical and technical characteristics. However, these models usually do not consider sustainability aspects such as environmental impacts. In contrast, life cycle assessment enables an extensive estimate of those impacts. Due to these complementary characteristics, the combination of energy system models and life cycle assessment thus allows comprehensive environmental sustainability assessments of technically and economically feasible energy system transformation pathways. We introduce FRITS, a FRamework for the assessment of environmental Impacts of Transformation Scenarios. FRITS links bottom-up energy system models with life cycle impact assessment indicators and quantifies the environmental impacts of transformation strategies of the entire energy system (power, heat, transport) over the transition period. We apply the framework to conduct an environmental assessment of multi-sectoral energy scenarios for Germany. Here, a ‘Target’ scenario reaching 80% reduction of energy-related direct CO2 emissions is compared with a ‘Reference’ scenario describing a less ambitious transformation pathway. The results show that compared to 2015 and the ‘Reference’ scenario, the ‘Target’ scenario performs better for most life cycle impact assessment indicators. However, the impacts of resource consumption and land use increase for the ‘Target’ scenario. These impacts are mainly caused by road passenger transport and biomass conversion.

ACS Style

Tobias Junne; Sonja Simon; Jens Buchgeister; Maximilian Saiger; Manuel Baumann; Martina Haase; Christina Wulf; Tobias Naegler. Environmental Sustainability Assessment of Multi-Sectoral Energy Transformation Pathways: Methodological Approach and Case Study for Germany. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8225 .

AMA Style

Tobias Junne, Sonja Simon, Jens Buchgeister, Maximilian Saiger, Manuel Baumann, Martina Haase, Christina Wulf, Tobias Naegler. Environmental Sustainability Assessment of Multi-Sectoral Energy Transformation Pathways: Methodological Approach and Case Study for Germany. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (19):8225.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tobias Junne; Sonja Simon; Jens Buchgeister; Maximilian Saiger; Manuel Baumann; Martina Haase; Christina Wulf; Tobias Naegler. 2020. "Environmental Sustainability Assessment of Multi-Sectoral Energy Transformation Pathways: Methodological Approach and Case Study for Germany." Sustainability 12, no. 19: 8225.

Research and analysis
Published: 16 June 2020 in Journal of Industrial Ecology
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On the basis of a review of existing life cycle assessment studies on lithium‐ion battery recycling, we parametrize process models of state‐of‐the‐art pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical recycling, enabling their application to different cell chemistries, including beyond‐lithium batteries such as sodium‐ion batteries. These processes are used as benchmark for evaluating an advanced hydrometallurgical recycling process, which is modeled on the basis of primary data obtained from a recycling company, quantifying the potential reduction of environmental impacts that can be achieved by the recycling of different cell chemistries. Depending on the cell chemistry, recycling can reduce significantly the potential environmental impacts of battery production. The highest benefit is obtained via advanced hydrometallurgical treatment for lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide and lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide‐type batteries, mainly because of the recovery of cobalt and nickel. Especially under resource depletion aspects, recycling of these cells can reduce their impact to an extent that even leads to a lower “net impact” than that of cells made from majorly abundant and cheap materials like lithium iron phosphate, which shows a more favorable performance when recycling is disregarded. For these cells, recycling does not necessarily provide benefits but can rather cause additional environmental impacts. This indicates that maximum material recovery might not always be favorable under environmental aspects and that, especially for the final hydrometallurgical treatment, the process would need to be adapted to the specific cell chemistry, if one wants to obtain maximum environmental benefit.

ACS Style

Marit Mohr; Jens F. Peters; Manuel Baumann; Marcel Weil. Toward a cell‐chemistry specific life cycle assessment of lithium‐ion battery recycling processes. Journal of Industrial Ecology 2020, 24, 1 .

AMA Style

Marit Mohr, Jens F. Peters, Manuel Baumann, Marcel Weil. Toward a cell‐chemistry specific life cycle assessment of lithium‐ion battery recycling processes. Journal of Industrial Ecology. 2020; 24 (6):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marit Mohr; Jens F. Peters; Manuel Baumann; Marcel Weil. 2020. "Toward a cell‐chemistry specific life cycle assessment of lithium‐ion battery recycling processes." Journal of Industrial Ecology 24, no. 6: 1.

Full paper
Published: 28 May 2020 in Energy Technology
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In recent years, the energy production sector has experienced a growing interest in new energy vectors enabling energy storage and, at the same time, intersectoral energy applications among users. Hydrogen is one of the most promising energy storage and carrier media featuring a very high gravimetric energy density, but a rather low volumetric energy density. To this regard, this manuscript focuses on the use of aluminum as energy storage and carrier medium, offering high volumetric energy density (23.5 kWh/L), easy to transport and stock (e.g., as ingots) and neither toxic nor dangerous when stored. Additionally, mature production and recycling technologies exist for aluminum. Herein, we analyze the performance of power systems driven by aluminum powder in terms of electrical efficiency (η (I) ) and round‐trip efficiency (RTE). Along with the additional advantages relating to high volumetric energy density, and safety and management aspects, the aluminum‐based technology appears to outperform the Power–to–Power systems based on hydrogen and liquid fuels. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

ACS Style

Linda Barelli; Manuel Baumann; Gianni Bidini; Panfilo A. Ottaviano; Rebekka V. Schneider; Stefano Passerini; Lorenzo Trombetti. Reactive Metals as Energy Storage and Carrier Media: Use of Aluminum for Power Generation in Fuel Cell‐Based Power Plants. Energy Technology 2020, 8, 1 .

AMA Style

Linda Barelli, Manuel Baumann, Gianni Bidini, Panfilo A. Ottaviano, Rebekka V. Schneider, Stefano Passerini, Lorenzo Trombetti. Reactive Metals as Energy Storage and Carrier Media: Use of Aluminum for Power Generation in Fuel Cell‐Based Power Plants. Energy Technology. 2020; 8 (9):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Linda Barelli; Manuel Baumann; Gianni Bidini; Panfilo A. Ottaviano; Rebekka V. Schneider; Stefano Passerini; Lorenzo Trombetti. 2020. "Reactive Metals as Energy Storage and Carrier Media: Use of Aluminum for Power Generation in Fuel Cell‐Based Power Plants." Energy Technology 8, no. 9: 1.

Essay
Published: 20 May 2020 in Advanced Energy Materials
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ACS Style

Manuel Baumann; Linda Barelli; Stefano Passerini. The Potential Role of Reactive Metals for a Clean Energy Transition. Advanced Energy Materials 2020, 10, 1 .

AMA Style

Manuel Baumann, Linda Barelli, Stefano Passerini. The Potential Role of Reactive Metals for a Clean Energy Transition. Advanced Energy Materials. 2020; 10 (27):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Manuel Baumann; Linda Barelli; Stefano Passerini. 2020. "The Potential Role of Reactive Metals for a Clean Energy Transition." Advanced Energy Materials 10, no. 27: 1.

Journal article
Published: 22 April 2020 in Energy Policy
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Technology acceptance represents a challenge for the successful implementation of emerging energy technologies. Building on previous literature, we developed and assessed a socio-psychological factor model, which we apply to three different energy technologies that are relevant to the German energy transition. Our model analyses factors such as trust in industry, trust in municipalities, perceived problems of the current energy system and environmental self-identity with regard to acceptance both in general (general acceptance) and in the context of a scenario featuring a nearby implementation (local acceptance). These factors are mediated by affect and perceived effects, including perceived benefits, costs and risks. We tested the applicability of our model across three different energy technologies: hydrogen fuel stations, biofuel production plants and stationary battery storage facilities. Our study confirms previous findings, which stress the relevance of psychological and social factors. It also extends the literature, testing a universal model across different technologies and examining acceptance on both the local and the general level. We explored the implications of our findings for the selected technologies and managerial practice.

ACS Style

Philip Emmerich; Anna-Gesina Hülemeier; David Jendryczko; Manuel Johann Baumann; Marcel Weil; Dorothee Baur. Public acceptance of emerging energy technologies in context of the German energy transition. Energy Policy 2020, 142, 111516 .

AMA Style

Philip Emmerich, Anna-Gesina Hülemeier, David Jendryczko, Manuel Johann Baumann, Marcel Weil, Dorothee Baur. Public acceptance of emerging energy technologies in context of the German energy transition. Energy Policy. 2020; 142 ():111516.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Philip Emmerich; Anna-Gesina Hülemeier; David Jendryczko; Manuel Johann Baumann; Marcel Weil; Dorothee Baur. 2020. "Public acceptance of emerging energy technologies in context of the German energy transition." Energy Policy 142, no. : 111516.

Full paper
Published: 05 December 2019 in Energy Technology
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This study presents a multi‐criteria decision making analysis (MCDA) of eight different utility‐scale battery storage technologies for four different application areas, involving 72 relevant stakeholders from industry and academia for criteria selection and weighting. The assessment is carried out for economic, environmental, technological, and social criteria using a combination of the Analytic Hierarchy Process and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution. It includes a full life cycle costing and life cycle assessment using most recent data. Indicative rankings show that most lithium‐ion batteries can be recommended for all application areas. Lead‐acid batteries achieve rather low scores depending on the viewed application, but including a recycling scenario for this technology might lead to significant changes of final scores and rankings. This comes also true for the redox flow battery. Furthermore, the weights provided by the stakeholders are very dispersing, leading to a low consensus about the relevance of used criteria. Especially social criteria are little differentiated in the current state and do not add significant distinguishing features between different battery technologies. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

ACS Style

Manuel Baumann; Jens Peters; Marcel Weil. Exploratory Multicriteria Decision Analysis of Utility‐Scale Battery Storage Technologies for Multiple Grid Services Based on Life‐Cycle Approaches. Energy Technology 2019, 8, 1 .

AMA Style

Manuel Baumann, Jens Peters, Marcel Weil. Exploratory Multicriteria Decision Analysis of Utility‐Scale Battery Storage Technologies for Multiple Grid Services Based on Life‐Cycle Approaches. Energy Technology. 2019; 8 (11):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Manuel Baumann; Jens Peters; Marcel Weil. 2019. "Exploratory Multicriteria Decision Analysis of Utility‐Scale Battery Storage Technologies for Multiple Grid Services Based on Life‐Cycle Approaches." Energy Technology 8, no. 11: 1.

Articles
Published: 20 April 2019 in Journal of the Operational Research Society
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Hybrid micro-grid systems (HMGS) are gaining increasing attention worldwide. The balance between electricity load and generation based on fluctuating renewable energy sources is a main challenge in the operation and design of HMGS. Battery energy storage systems are considered essential components for integrating high shares of renewable energy into a HMGS. Currently, there are very few studies in the field of mathematical optimisation and multi-criteria decision analysis that focus on the evaluation of different battery technologies and their impact on the HMGS design. The model proposed in this paper aims at optimising three different criteria: minimising electricity costs, reducing the loss of load probability, and maximising the use of locally available renewable energy. The model is applied in a case study in southern Germany. The optimisation is carried out using the C-DEEPSO algorithm. Its results are used as input for an AHP-TOPSIS model to identify the most suitable alternative out of five different battery technologies using expert weights. Lithium batteries are considered the best solution with regard to the given group preferences and the optimisation results.

ACS Style

Carolina Marcelino; Manuel Baumann; Leonel Carvalho; Nelson Chibeles-Martins; Marcel Weil; Paulo Almeida; Elizabeth Wanner. A combined optimisation and decision-making approach for battery-supported HMGS. Journal of the Operational Research Society 2019, 71, 762 -774.

AMA Style

Carolina Marcelino, Manuel Baumann, Leonel Carvalho, Nelson Chibeles-Martins, Marcel Weil, Paulo Almeida, Elizabeth Wanner. A combined optimisation and decision-making approach for battery-supported HMGS. Journal of the Operational Research Society. 2019; 71 (5):762-774.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carolina Marcelino; Manuel Baumann; Leonel Carvalho; Nelson Chibeles-Martins; Marcel Weil; Paulo Almeida; Elizabeth Wanner. 2019. "A combined optimisation and decision-making approach for battery-supported HMGS." Journal of the Operational Research Society 71, no. 5: 762-774.

Review
Published: 25 March 2019 in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
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Energy storage systems (ESS) are seen as one of the main pillars for a renewable-based energy system. Selecting the most suitable and sustainable ESS for a given project is a problem that involves multiple stakeholders with quite often diverging objectives that cannot all be fulfilled by a single technology. Several studies are available that tackle this problem applying multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA). However, these use very different Multi-Attribute Decision Making (MADM) approaches, criteria and goals for decision support, why their results are difficult to compare or to reproduce. This work presents a review of existing MCDA-literature using MADM as a tool for sustainability evaluation of grid-tied ESS. Available studies are summarized, the goals, used MADM methods, and quantification of criteria are analyzed and discussed to provide tentative recommendations. The reviewed studies cover multiple technologies ranging from electrochemical, mechanical or electric ESS. Considered criteria are mainly structured around technology, economy, society, and environment, comprising a high number of individual sub-criteria. The aggregation of these criteria is mainly realized through the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in combination with a wide set of other methods. The quantification of various criteria is often based on different literature sources wherein context-free data for cost, and environmental impacts are used, leading in some cases to inconsistent comparisons in the assessments. Only in a few cases, assessments are linked to specific application requirements, which are decisive factors for the design of an ESS. A minority of the reviewed works include a representative set of decision-makers in their approaches, wherein the number or type of participants is often not communicated transparently. Therefore, most of the studies are considered to have a limited orientation towards practical decision making, but they provide valuable information regarding MADM method development.

ACS Style

Manuel Baumann; Marcel Weil; Jens Peters; Nelson Chibeles-Martins; Antonio Moniz. A review of multi-criteria decision making approaches for evaluating energy storage systems for grid applications. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2019, 107, 516 -534.

AMA Style

Manuel Baumann, Marcel Weil, Jens Peters, Nelson Chibeles-Martins, Antonio Moniz. A review of multi-criteria decision making approaches for evaluating energy storage systems for grid applications. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2019; 107 ():516-534.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Manuel Baumann; Marcel Weil; Jens Peters; Nelson Chibeles-Martins; Antonio Moniz. 2019. "A review of multi-criteria decision making approaches for evaluating energy storage systems for grid applications." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 107, no. : 516-534.

Conference paper
Published: 03 February 2019 in Lecture Notes in Computer Science
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ACS Style

Carolina G. Marcelino; Carlos E. Pedreira; Manuel Baumann; Marcel Weil; Paulo E. M. Almeida; Elizabeth F. Wanner. A Viability Study of Renewables and Energy Storage Systems Using Multicriteria Decision Making and an Evolutionary Approach. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 2019, 655 -668.

AMA Style

Carolina G. Marcelino, Carlos E. Pedreira, Manuel Baumann, Marcel Weil, Paulo E. M. Almeida, Elizabeth F. Wanner. A Viability Study of Renewables and Energy Storage Systems Using Multicriteria Decision Making and an Evolutionary Approach. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. 2019; ():655-668.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carolina G. Marcelino; Carlos E. Pedreira; Manuel Baumann; Marcel Weil; Paulo E. M. Almeida; Elizabeth F. Wanner. 2019. "A Viability Study of Renewables and Energy Storage Systems Using Multicriteria Decision Making and an Evolutionary Approach." Lecture Notes in Computer Science , no. : 655-668.

Review
Published: 01 January 2019 in Matériaux & Techniques
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Sodium-ion batteries are increasingly being promoted as a promising alternative to current lithium-ion batteries. The substitution of lithium by sodium offers potential advantages under environmental aspects due to its higher abundance and availability. However, sodium-ion (Na-ion) batteries cannot rely on graphite for the anodes, requiring amorphous carbon materials (hard carbons). Since no established market exists for hard carbon anode materials, these are synthesised individually for each Na-ion battery from selected precursors. The hard carbon anode has been identified as a relevant driver for environmental impacts of sodium-ion batteries in a recent work, where a significant improvement potential was found by minimising the impacts of the hard carbon synthesis process. In consequence, this work provides a detailed process model of hard carbon synthesis processes as basis for their environmental assessment. Starting from a review of recent studies about hard carbon synthesis processes from different precursors, three promising materials are evaluated in detail. For those, the given laboratory synthesis processes are scaled up to a hypothetical industrial level, obtaining detailed energy and material balances. The subsequent environmental assessment then quantifies the potential environmental impacts of the different hard carbon materials and their potential for further improving the environmental performance of future Na-ion batteries by properly selecting the hard carbon material. Especially organic waste materials (apple pomace) show a high potential as precursor for hard carbon materials, potentially reducing environmental impacts of Na-ion cells between 10 and 40% compared to carbohydrate (sugar) based hard carbons (the hard carbon material used by the current reference work). Waste tyres are also found to be a promising hard carbon precursor, but require a more complex pre-treatment prior to carbonisation, why they do not reach the same performance as the pomace based one. Finally, hard carbons obtained from synthetic resins, another promising precursor, score significantly worse. They obtain results in the same order of magnitude as the sugar based hard carbon, mainly due to the high emissions and energy intensity of the resin production processes.

ACS Style

Jens F. Peters; Mohammad Abdelbaky; Manuel Baumann; Marcel Weil. A review of hard carbon anode materials for sodium-ion batteries and their environmental assessment. Matériaux & Techniques 2019, 107, 503 .

AMA Style

Jens F. Peters, Mohammad Abdelbaky, Manuel Baumann, Marcel Weil. A review of hard carbon anode materials for sodium-ion batteries and their environmental assessment. Matériaux & Techniques. 2019; 107 (5):503.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jens F. Peters; Mohammad Abdelbaky; Manuel Baumann; Marcel Weil. 2019. "A review of hard carbon anode materials for sodium-ion batteries and their environmental assessment." Matériaux & Techniques 107, no. 5: 503.

Books
Published: 15 October 2018 in Issues in Environmental Science and Technology
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In this chapter, stationary energy storage systems are assessed concerning their environmental impacts via life-cycle assessment (LCA). The considered storage technologies are pumped hydroelectric storage, different types of batteries and heat storage. After a general introduction to the method of LCA, some methodological implications for energy storage systems and the selection of impact indicators are outlined. Subsequently, the environmental impacts of different energy storage options are assessed in three case studies. The first case study compares pumped hydroelectric storage and utility-scale battery storage applying a screening LCA. Both of the two following case studies are based on an island micro grid application and follow a stepwise approach. The starting point is a pair of cost-optimal energy scenarios – one with and the other without use of stationary battery storage. First, based on the given operational parameters, the environmental performance of different lithium-ion batteries is assessed. This allows the identification of the most appropriate battery chemistry for this specific application (case study 2). Applying these results, the battery-using energy system scenario is compared in terms of environmental performance with an alternative scenario without battery use in order to determine the contribution of energy storage within the whole energy system (case study 3). Under the given modelling assumptions, the use of battery storage results in increased environmental impacts in the majority of the assessed categories, both in comparison with pumped hydroelectric storage (case study 1) and in comparison with the standard small-scale energy system without battery storage (case study 3). Regarding heat storage, the underlying case study shows a low relevance of environmental impacts within the energy system.

ACS Style

Heidi Hottenroth; Jens Peters; Manuel Baumann; Tobias Viere; Ingela Tietze. Life-cycle Analysis for Assessing Environmental Impact. Issues in Environmental Science and Technology 2018, 261 -295.

AMA Style

Heidi Hottenroth, Jens Peters, Manuel Baumann, Tobias Viere, Ingela Tietze. Life-cycle Analysis for Assessing Environmental Impact. Issues in Environmental Science and Technology. 2018; ():261-295.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Heidi Hottenroth; Jens Peters; Manuel Baumann; Tobias Viere; Ingela Tietze. 2018. "Life-cycle Analysis for Assessing Environmental Impact." Issues in Environmental Science and Technology , no. : 261-295.

Research article
Published: 22 August 2018 in Environmental Science & Technology
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. Batteries are one of the key technologies for flexible energy systems in future. In particular, vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFB) are well suited to provide modular and scalable energy storage due to favourable characteristics such as long cycle life, easy scale-up and good recyclability. However, there is a lack of detailed original studies on the potential environmental impacts of their production and operation. The present study fills this gap by providing a comprehensive life cycle assessment of a representative VRFB. Transparent and comprehensive inventory data are disclosed as a basis for further environmental studies. VRFBs are found to be promising regarding the assessed impact categories, especially at high energy-to-power (E/P) ratios. On the other hand, significant impacts are associated with the vanadium pentoxide production, why the origin and processing of the vanadium bearing ores is a key for further reducing the environmental impacts associated with the VRFB manufacturing. While the lower efficiency of the VRFB is a disadvantage in comparison to e.g. lithium-ion batteries (LIB), its recyclability is significantly higher. In this sense, the importance of taking a cradle-to-cradle life cycle perspective when comparing very different battery systems can be highlighted for further research on this topic.

ACS Style

Selina Weber; Jens F. Peters; Manuel Baumann; Marcel Ralf Weil. Life Cycle Assessment of a Vanadium Redox Flow Battery. Environmental Science & Technology 2018, 52, 10864 -10873.

AMA Style

Selina Weber, Jens F. Peters, Manuel Baumann, Marcel Ralf Weil. Life Cycle Assessment of a Vanadium Redox Flow Battery. Environmental Science & Technology. 2018; 52 (18):10864-10873.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Selina Weber; Jens F. Peters; Manuel Baumann; Marcel Ralf Weil. 2018. "Life Cycle Assessment of a Vanadium Redox Flow Battery." Environmental Science & Technology 52, no. 18: 10864-10873.

Article
Published: 17 April 2018 in Applied Intelligence
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A hybrid population-based metaheuristic, Hybrid Canonical Differential Evolutionary Particle Swarm Optimization (hC-DEEPSO), is applied to solve Security Constrained Optimal Power Flow (SCOPF) problems. Despite the inherent difficulties of tackling these real-world problems, they must be solved several times a day taking into account operation and security conditions. A combination of the C-DEEPSO metaheuristic coupled with a multipoint search operator is proposed to better exploit the search space in the vicinity of the best solution found so far by the current population in the first stages of the search process. A simple diversity mechanism is also applied to avoid premature convergence and to escape from local optima. A experimental design is devised to fine-tune the parameters of the proposed algorithm for each instance of the SCOPF problem. The effectiveness of the proposed hC-DEEPSO is tested on the IEEE 57-bus, IEEE 118-bus and IEEE 300-bus standard systems. The numerical results obtained by hC-DEEPSO are compared with other evolutionary methods reported in the literature to prove the potential and capability of the proposed hC-DEEPSO for solving the SCOPF at acceptable economical and technical levels.

ACS Style

Carolina Gil Marcelino; Paulo Almeida; Elizabeth Wanner; Manuel Baumann; Marcel Weil; Leonel M. Carvalho; Vladimiro Miranda. Solving security constrained optimal power flow problems: a hybrid evolutionary approach. Applied Intelligence 2018, 48, 3672 -3690.

AMA Style

Carolina Gil Marcelino, Paulo Almeida, Elizabeth Wanner, Manuel Baumann, Marcel Weil, Leonel M. Carvalho, Vladimiro Miranda. Solving security constrained optimal power flow problems: a hybrid evolutionary approach. Applied Intelligence. 2018; 48 (10):3672-3690.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carolina Gil Marcelino; Paulo Almeida; Elizabeth Wanner; Manuel Baumann; Marcel Weil; Leonel M. Carvalho; Vladimiro Miranda. 2018. "Solving security constrained optimal power flow problems: a hybrid evolutionary approach." Applied Intelligence 48, no. 10: 3672-3690.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2018 in International Journal of Automotive Technology and Management
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Rural areas in Germany have a lack of well-structured local public transport systems and are still facing exodus. Furthermore, the German energy transition aims to bring inter alia 1 million electric vehicles (EVs) onto German roads by 2020. The aim of this paper is to analyse if innovative forms of EV-based mobility concepts can better meet the needs of rural communities and contribute to the German energy transition in a sustainable way. Specific mobility concepts were thus tested according to sustainability criteria within a government-funded pilot project in four small communities in the Black Forest. The collected data were used to calculate energy consumption, carbon footprint and costs of the local projects and to compare them with fossil fuelled propulsion systems. Surveys in combination with semi-structured interviews were conducted additionally to assess the social acceptance of EVs within the local population. It could be proven that EVs already represent socially and environmentally promising perspectives in rural areas. Nevertheless, the economic drawbacks of the presented mobility solution are currently still hindering an extensive spread of EVs.

ACS Style

Guy Fournier; Manuel Baumann; Johannes Gasde; Katharina Kilian Yasin. Innovative mobility in rural areas - the case of the Black Forest. International Journal of Automotive Technology and Management 2018, 18, 247 .

AMA Style

Guy Fournier, Manuel Baumann, Johannes Gasde, Katharina Kilian Yasin. Innovative mobility in rural areas - the case of the Black Forest. International Journal of Automotive Technology and Management. 2018; 18 (3):247.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Guy Fournier; Manuel Baumann; Johannes Gasde; Katharina Kilian Yasin. 2018. "Innovative mobility in rural areas - the case of the Black Forest." International Journal of Automotive Technology and Management 18, no. 3: 247.

Conference paper
Published: 01 June 2017 in 2017 International Conference on Engineering, Technology and Innovation (ICE/ITMC)
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The current mobility paradigm is based on cheap fossil fuel energy, high CO 2 emissions and individual mobility. This paradigm faces economic, ecological and social limits. The aim of this paper is to analyse if a shared autonomous Electric Vehicles (EVs) fleet can meet these challenges and at the same time satisfy the current requirements of privately owned Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles (ICEVs). Therefore, analytical models have been developed to compute the fleet size and to simulate and investigate impacts on mobility behaviour in Berlin, Germany. The collected data were used to calculate cost effects, the energy consumption and the carbon footprint of different shared autonomous EVs in comparison with privately owned ICEVs. The approach shows that the system of a shared autonomous EV fleet could lower journey time, reduce CO 2 emissions, free up parking space in urban areas and generate cost benefits for customers.

ACS Style

G. Fournier; C. Pfeiffer; M. Baumann; R. Worner. Individual mobility by shared autonomous electric vehicle fleets: Cost and CO2 comparison with internal combustion engine vehicles in Berlin, Germany. 2017 International Conference on Engineering, Technology and Innovation (ICE/ITMC) 2017, 368 -376.

AMA Style

G. Fournier, C. Pfeiffer, M. Baumann, R. Worner. Individual mobility by shared autonomous electric vehicle fleets: Cost and CO2 comparison with internal combustion engine vehicles in Berlin, Germany. 2017 International Conference on Engineering, Technology and Innovation (ICE/ITMC). 2017; ():368-376.

Chicago/Turabian Style

G. Fournier; C. Pfeiffer; M. Baumann; R. Worner. 2017. "Individual mobility by shared autonomous electric vehicle fleets: Cost and CO2 comparison with internal combustion engine vehicles in Berlin, Germany." 2017 International Conference on Engineering, Technology and Innovation (ICE/ITMC) , no. : 368-376.

Article
Published: 21 February 2017 in Energy Technology
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Batteries are considered as one of the key flexibility options for future energy storage systems. However, their production is cost- and greenhouse-gas intensive and efforts are made to decrease their price and carbon footprint. We combine life-cycle assessment, Monte-Carlo simulation, and size optimization to determine life-cycle costs and carbon emissions of different battery technologies in stationary applications, which are then compared by calculating a single score. Cycle life is determined as a key factor for cost and CO2 emissions. This is not only due to the required battery replacements but also due to oversizing needed for battery types with low cycle lives to reduce degradation effects. Most Li-ion but also the NaNiCl batteries show a good performance in all assessed applications whereas lead-acid batteries fall behind due to low cycle life and low internal efficiency. For redox-flow batteries, a high dependence on the desired application field is pointed out.

ACS Style

M. Baumann; Jens Peters; Marcel Weil; A. Grunwald. CO2 Footprint and Life-Cycle Costs of Electrochemical Energy Storage for Stationary Grid Applications. Energy Technology 2017, 5, 1071 -1083.

AMA Style

M. Baumann, Jens Peters, Marcel Weil, A. Grunwald. CO2 Footprint and Life-Cycle Costs of Electrochemical Energy Storage for Stationary Grid Applications. Energy Technology. 2017; 5 (7):1071-1083.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. Baumann; Jens Peters; Marcel Weil; A. Grunwald. 2017. "CO2 Footprint and Life-Cycle Costs of Electrochemical Energy Storage for Stationary Grid Applications." Energy Technology 5, no. 7: 1071-1083.

Review
Published: 01 January 2017 in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
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ACS Style

Jens Peters; Manuel Baumann; Benedikt Zimmermann; Jessica Braun; Marcel Weil. The environmental impact of Li-Ion batteries and the role of key parameters – A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2017, 67, 491 -506.

AMA Style

Jens Peters, Manuel Baumann, Benedikt Zimmermann, Jessica Braun, Marcel Weil. The environmental impact of Li-Ion batteries and the role of key parameters – A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2017; 67 ():491-506.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jens Peters; Manuel Baumann; Benedikt Zimmermann; Jessica Braun; Marcel Weil. 2017. "The environmental impact of Li-Ion batteries and the role of key parameters – A review." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 67, no. : 491-506.