The increasing complexity of data management in the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry, driven by the adoption of distributed digital twins (dDTws) and cloud-based solutions, presents challenges in interoperability, data sovereignty, and scalability. Existing Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Common Data Environment (CDE) frameworks often fall short in addressing these issues due to their reliance on centralized and proprietary systems. This paper introduces a novel framework that transforms the Information Container for Linked Document Delivery (ICDD) into a dynamic, graph-based architecture. Unlike conventional file-based ICDD implementations, this approach enables fine-grained, semantically rich linking and querying across distributed models while maintaining data sovereignty and version control. The framework is designed to enhance real-time collaboration, ensure secure and sovereign data management, and improve interoperability across diverse project stakeholders. The framework leverages graph databases, semantic web technologies, and ISO standards such as ISO 21597 to facilitate seamless data exchange, automated linking, and advanced version control. Key functionalities include federated data storage, compliance with local and international regulations, and support for multidisciplinary workflows in large-scale AEC projects. To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed framework, a simplified use case scenario is implemented and analyzed. By addressing critical challenges and enabling seamless integration of emerging technologies such as digital twins, this study advances the state of the art in data management for the AEC industry, providing a robust foundation for future innovations.

As safety sciences become more prominent, BIM-based simulations are attracting greater interest from various domains, from fire engineering to crowd management. The integration of BIM with advanced simulation tools and technologies has significantly advanced the field of hazard and crowd evacuation simulations. By providing detailed, dynamic, and interactive models, BIM enhances the accuracy and effectiveness of emergency planning and response strategies. This paper targets the development of a dynamic building model that can facilitate BIM-based fire protection and evacuation planning and training. In current practice, the building model is input to simulation tools as a static model. The latter provides comprehensive information about the building, but this information is static and represents the building in an idealized state where no changes are happening over time. We propose an ontological multi-model framework by extending the information container for linked document delivery (ICDD) implementation, ISO 21597, to a dynamic multi-model container aiming to explicitly allocate multiple dynamic values to elements in the building model. This enables consideration of changeable building spaces during the simulation runtime and hence real-time interoperability of the interlinked simulation components and modules.