Identifying the presence, size, type and location of voids in an endodontic obturation is of great clinical importance because it enables evaluation of the three-dimensionality of the sealing techniques, which can be related to the success of the endodontic treatment. Aim: To analyze by micro-CT the presence of voids in lower single-rooted premolar root canal obturations prepared using the single cone and ultrasound vibration technique. Materials and methods: Twenty extracted single-rooted lower premolars were selected, and the root canal prepared surgically and chemically. In GROUP 1 - Without Vibration, the canal was obturated with a single cone and bioceramic, without applying vibration. In GROUP 2 - With Vibration, the gutta-percha cone inside the root canal was held with a cotton plier to which ultrasound vibration was applied for 3 periods of 3 seconds each. A micro-CT scanner was used to acquire and reconstruct images for analysis. Results: No significant difference was found between obturation techniques, though there were differences between thirds, with the cervical third having a higher percentage of voids than the middle and apical thirds. Conclusions: The results suggest that the volume of closed, open and total voids does not differ between treatments with and without ultrasound vibration. In the cervical third, the highest volume of voids was related to oval geometry in the teeth evaluated.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of CBCT-based volumetric measurements of maxillary defects and to investigate the effects of different CBCT devices, kVp settings, and segmentation software on measurement accuracy. Methods: CBCT images from eight patients with maxillary defects were used to generate 3D-printed models for volumetric assessment. Two CBCT systems (Largev Smart and Planmeca Promax) were evaluated at three different kVp settings. Volume calculations were conducted using ITK-SNAP version 4.2.2 and 3D Doctor version 4.0 software, while micro-CT served as the gold standard (GS) for comparison. Statistical analysis included a three-way ANOVA to assess the effect of CBCT parameters and software on volumetric accuracy. Additionally, post-hoc Tukey HSD analysis was performed to identify specific differences between kVp groups, and Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate consistency with the GS. Significance level was set at p < 0.05. Results: Higher kVp settings significantly improved volumetric accuracy, with 100 kVp yielding the smallest deviations (−3.77%) from the GS. Tukey HSD analysis revealed significant differences between 60–80 kVp (p = 0.008), 60–100 kVp (p < 0.001), and 80–100 kVp (p = 0.041), confirming the influence of kVp on accuracy. No significant differences were observed between CBCT devices or software programs (p > 0.05). A strong positive correlation (r = 0.96) between CBCT-derived and micro-CT volumes confirmed CBCT’s reliability for volumetric assessments (p < 0.001). Conclusions: CBCT provides accurate volumetric measurements of maxillary defects, particularly at higher kVp settings. These findings support its clinical application for preoperative planning and postoperative evaluation, offering a cost-effective alternative to micro-CT.