The importance of atmospheric correction is pronounced for retrieving physical parameters in aquatic systems. To improve the retrieval accuracy of trophic level index (TLI), we built eight models with 43 samples in Wuhan and proposed an improved method by taking atmospheric water vapor (AWV) information and Landsat-8 (L8) remote sensing image into the input layer of radical basis function (RBF) neural network. All image information taken in RBF have been radiometrically calibrated. Except model(a), image data used in the other seven models were not atmospherically corrected. The eight models have different inputs and the same output (TLI). The models are as follows: (1) model(a), the inputs are seven single bands; (2) model(c), besides seven single bands (b1, b2, b3, b4, b5, b6, b7), we added the AWV parameter k1 to the inputs; (3) model(c1), the inputs are AWV difference coefficient k2 and the seven bands; (4) model(c2), the input layers include seven single bands, k1 and k2; (5) model(b), seven band ratios (b3/b5, b1/b2, b3/b7, b2/b5, b2/b7, b3/b6, and b3/b4) were used as input parameters; (6) model(b1), the inputs are k1 and seven band ratios; (7) model(b2), the inputs are k2 and seven band ratios; (8) model(b3), the inputs are k1, k2, and seven band ratios. We estimated models with root mean squared error (RMSE), model(a) > model(b3) > model(b1) > model(c2) > model(c) > model(b) > model(c1) > model(b2). RMSE of the eight models are 12.762, 11.274, 10.577, 8.904, 8.361, 6.396, 5.389, and 5.104, respectively. Model b2 and c1 are two best models in these experiments, which confirms both the seven single bands and band ratios with k2 are superior to other models. Results also corroborate that most lakes in Wuhan urban area are in mesotrophic and light eutrophic states.

Flavonoids with great medicinal value play an important role in plant individual growth and stress resistance. Flavonol synthase (FLS) is one of the key enzymes to synthesize flavonoids. However, there is no information available about FLS family in Eucommia ulmoides , an ancient and precious plant with great economic value. In this study, twelve EuFLS genes were identified and classified into two distinct subgroups based on their phylogenetic trees, these genes were unevenly distributed across eight chromosomes. Gene structure analysis revealed that EuFLS genes contained between two and four introns. The number of introns within members of the same evolutionary branch was generally consistent. The EuFLS promoters region contained a substantial number of hormone-responsive, stress-responsive, and light-responsive. RNA-seq data revealed tissue-specific expression patterns, EuFLS2 and EuFLS9 displayed the highest expression levels in leaves, whereas EuFLS4 the peak expression level in the xylem. The majority of EuFLS genes showed higher expression levels in red leaves and male flowers; furthermore, these genes contributed to leaf development and rubber biosynthesis. qRT-PCR analysis showed that most EuFLS genes downregulation under ABA and SA treatments. EuFLSs displayed divergent expression trends under MeJA treatment. While drought stress significantly induced the expression of most EuFLSs , especially, EuFLS9 was induced 50-fold at 3 h, suggesting that FLS genes in E. ulmoides regulate plant growth and respond to different stresses by following different hormone signaling pathways, which laid a valuable foundation for further understanding the function of FLS genes in multiple stress responses and phytohormone crosstalk in E. ulmoides .