Industry 5.0 transforms industrial ecosystems via artificial intelligence (AI), human–machine collaboration, and sustainability-focused innovations. This systematic literature review examines Industry 5.0′s role in energy transition through digital transformation, sustainable supply chains, and energy efficiency strategies. Key findings highlight AI-driven smart grids, blockchain-enabled energy transactions, and digital twin simulations as enablers of low-carbon, adaptive industrial operations. This review uniquely integrates technological, managerial, and policy perspectives, providing actionable insights for policymakers and industry leaders. Industry 5.0 enhances innovative energy management, renewable energy integration, and flexible energy distribution, strengthening resilience and sustainability. It fosters environmental responsibility, social impact, and circular economy principles, laying the foundation for a low-carbon economy and accelerating the global energy transition.

Illicit drug use disparities persist across racial and ethnic and sexual identity groups. This study examined associations between sexual identity, race/ethnicity, and drug use patterns, focusing on types and usage within the past year. Using data from the 2021-2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (n = 129,823), multinomial logistic regression was used to assess drug use patterns. Key predictors included sexual identity (heterosexual, lesbian/gay, and bisexual) and race/ethnicity (White, Black, Asian, Hispanic, and Others), controlling for socioeconomic factors. Bisexual individuals had the highest drug use rates among sexual minority groups, particularly for polysubstance use (14.29%). White individuals reported the highest overall prevalence (72.55%), while Black and Asian individuals had lower rates. Drug use was highest among young adults (32.01%) and declined with age. Among racial groups, Black individuals exhibited the highest drug misuse risk (interaction model: single-drug use RRR = 2.70, 95% CI = [2.38, 3.05]; polysubstance use RRR = 1.70, 95% CI = [1.48, 1.95]), followed by Asian individuals (single-drug use RRR = 2.21, 95% CI = [1.72, 2.85]; polysubstance use RRR = 1.78, 95% CI = [1.38, 2.30]). Among sexual identity groups, Black bisexual individuals were the most vulnerable (RRR = 1.50, 95% CI = [1.03, 2.19]), highlighting the compounded risks faced by individuals at the intersection of racial and sexual minority identities. Findings emphasize the need for culturally responsive interventions targeting bisexual individuals and racial/ethnic minorities to reduce disparities and improve public health outcomes.