Malaria is the leading human parasitosis and is transmitted through the bite of anopheline mosquitoes infected with parasites of the genus Plasmodium spp. Among the seven species that cause malaria in humans, Plasmodium vivax is the most prevalent species in Latin America. In recent years, there have been an increasing number of reports of clinical complications caused by P. vivax infections, which were previously neglected and underestimated. P. vivax biology remains with large gaps. The emergence of next-generation sequencing technology has ensured a breakthrough in species knowledge. Coupled with this, the deposition of the P. vivax Sal-1 reference genome allowed an increase in transcriptomics projects by accessing messenger RNA. Thus, the regulation of differential gene expression according to the parasite life stage was verified, and several expressed genes were linked to different biological functions. Today, with the progress associated with RNA sequencing technologies, it is possible to detect nuances and obtain robust results. Discoveries provided by transcriptomic studies allow us to understand topics such as RNA expression and regulation and proteins and metabolic pathways involved during different stages of the parasite life cycle. The information obtained enables a better comprehension of immune system evasion mechanisms; invasion and adhesion strategies used by the parasite; as well as new vaccine targets, potential molecular markers, and others therapeutic targets. In this review, we provide new insights into P. vivax biology by summarizing recent findings in transcriptomic studies.

Este artigo problematiza, propõe e discute o desenvolvimento de um produto educacional em forma de Sequência Didática sobre a Biotecnologia, a partir das normativas curriculares vigentes para o processo de ensino-aprendizagem da biologia na Educação Básica. O objetivo deste estudo, portanto, reside em analisar as reverberações sobre o letramento científico de uma Sequência Didática sobre Biotecnologia para o novo Ensino Médio. Em termos metodológicos, foi construída uma Sequência Didática orientada pela abordagem dos Três Momentos Pedagógicos e dos pressupostos da Educação CTS (Ciência-Tecnologia-Sociedade) para os conteúdos de Biotecnologia. Esta Sequência foi avaliada por um grupo de onze professores, por meio de instrumento de pesquisa, o qual produziu os dados que constituem o corpus de análise desta pesquisa. Os resultados foram apresentados e discutidos com base no aparato teórico-metodológico da Análise de Discurso de vertente francesa por meio de três recortes (a saber: problematização, organização e aplicação) e três efeitos de sentido (a saber: efeito de prática, efeito de procedimento e efeito de processo), pelos quais a Sequência Didática reverbera o Letramento Científico. Por fim, o estudo assume o Letramento Científico enquanto um funcionamento específico-didático entre locutores e defende que a Sequência pode tencionar o discurso pedagógico autoritário.

Diabetes mellitus prevalence is rising globally, linked to persistent hyperglycemia and endothelial dysfunction. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a role in diabetes pathology, involving complex intercellular communication that influences endothelial response. However, the mechanisms by which EVs contribute to endothelial dysfunction under hyperglycemia remain unknown. To investigate the effect of glucose-altered EVs on endothelial cells, we isolated EVs from HBMECs and THP-1 cells under normal- and high-glucose conditions (5.5 and 33 mM). We used NTA, electron microscopy, and LC-MS/MS for EV characterization. HBMECs in RPMI’s default glucose (11 mM) were exposed to 100 ng/mL of each EV condition, and adherent THP-1 CFSE+ cells were quantified. Long-term high glucose activated HBMECs without altering cell viability. Glucose level altered EV secretion, content, and function. For HBMECs, high glucose decreased EV release but shifted their cargo toward metabolism, barrier disruption, and neuronal protein content. For THP-1 cells, high glucose kept the EV release rate and shifted the cargo toward an inflammatory activation profile. Functionally, high-glucose EVs (mainly THP-1-derived) showed a pro-adhesive effect on endothelial cells. Here, we describe the impact of glucose on EV biology and how glucose-altered EVs can influence inflammation and endothelial responses, highlighting the importance of glycemic control in diabetic patients.