Musculoskeletal disorders are age-related illnesses that substantially impact the locomotor system. These problems can lead to serious complications, such as fractures, which can severely compromise the quality of life of patients. With the aging of the global population, the incidence and prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders are gradually increasing. Proliferation, differentiation, and cellular fate are extensively regulated by the BMP signaling pathway, which is expressed in approximately all organ systems. Musculoskeletal diseases are generally influenced by BMP signaling, which impedes the degeneration of musculoskeletal diseases. In this review, the pathophysiological functions of BMP signaling in four main musculoskeletal disorders (osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and sarcopenia) are summarized, and the role of cross talk between BMP signaling and other signaling pathways in the development of musculoskeletal disorders is reviewed. Finally, a conclusion regarding research on the role of BMP signaling in musculoskeletal disorders is formulated. Targeting the BMP signaling pathway is a promising therapeutic approach, and related studies have offered insights into the pathophysiological mechanism of musculoskeletal disorders. The identification of the BMP signaling pathway involved in the development of musculoskeletal disorders and the investigation of their signaling cross talk can pave the way for effective treatments and management strategies for patients with musculoskeletal disorders