Constructed wetlands are nature-based technologies widely used for the treatment of wastewater and contaminated surface water. This study evaluated the efficiency of free water surface (FWS) and horizontal subsurface flow (HSSF) constructed wetlands in reducing the turbidity of mine spoil rainwater using the w-C* model. Different hydraulic retention times (2, 4, and 6 days) were tested, and the influence of macrophyte type and substrate on the w parameter was investigated. Model calibration was performed based on correlation coefficients (R), coefficient of determination (R²), Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), and root mean square error (RMSE). The results indicated a 99% reduction in turbidity, with average values of R = 0.87 ± 0.05 (FWS) and 0.87 ± 0.03 (HSSF), and NSE of 0.76 ± 0.04 (FWS) and 0.74 ± 0.07 (HSSF), demonstrating good agreement between observed and predicted data. The settling rate (w) ranged from 0.16 to 0.40 m·d⁻¹ in FWS and from 0.20 to 0.70 m·d⁻¹ in HSSF, with the lowest value recorded in the control (0.09 m·d⁻¹). The best performances were observed in FWS-P with Pistia stratiotes (0.40 m·d⁻¹) and HSSF with Typha domingensis (0.70 m·d⁻¹), demonstrating that vegetation, combined with the use of medium-grain substrate (9.5–19.0 mm), enhances turbidity removal. The w-C* model proved to be a robust tool for describing the kinetics of suspended colloidal particle removal in constructed wetlands, providing valuable insights for optimizing hydraulic parameters and design criteria for full-scale application.

This study investigated nutrient removal in tubular photobioreactors (PBR) illuminated by Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs), treating the effluent from an Up-Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) system followed by a Biological Percolator Filter (BPF). Designed as a tertiary treatment step, the PBRs aimed to minimize eutrophication while promoting microalgal growth through CO₂ assimilation released by bacterial activity—resulting in biomass with potential for value-added applications. The objective of this study was to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for nitrogen and phosphorus removal under a controlled environment. A key novelty of this work lies in the comparative evaluation of red and blue LED illumination in the pilot-scale PBRs used for wastewater treatment. All systems achieved >99% ammoniacal nitrogen removal, while soluble phosphorus removal achieved up to 95%. The highest nitrogen removal rate was observed under red light (10.60 mg L⁻¹ d⁻¹), although there was no difference for blue light, while blue light was more effective for phosphorus removal (3.28 mg L⁻¹ d⁻¹). Assimilation was the primary removal mechanism, supported by microalgae–bacteria interactions and artificial CO₂ injection. The research highlights distinct advantages of each light illumination: the blue-light photobioreactor was more suitable for tertiary treatment, whereas the red-light system showed potential for microalgal biomass-based co-product generation.

Na engenharia, o sistema de revestimento cerâmico está entre os mais empregados na Construção Civil, devendo, entre tantas outras funções, garantir a impermeabilidade dos ambientes na edificação e fornecer um acabamento estético. Contudo, as causas de falhas de patologias nesse tipo de sistema estão relativamente ligadas à execução do revestimento. Desse modo, com as técnicas de investigação sendo aprimoradas, surge a engenharia investigativa, cujo foco é voltado para a apuração destas falhas construtivas. Nesse viés, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo aplicar um questionário em ambiente virtual, de maneira a coletar informações acerca do procedimento executivo de perícias em revestimento em sistema de revestimento de piso com placas cerâmicas. Para a pesquisa, foram utilizados quatorze peritos, entre servidores públicos e peritos particulares. Para a coleta das informações, elaborou-se um questionário de entrevista do tipo qualitativa e estruturada, a qual foi dividida em duas partes. A primeira parte teve como intuito obter dados sociodemográficos a respeito da atuação dos peritos. A segunda parte foi composta de cinco questões dissertativas, envolvendo o tema trabalhado. Para a discussão dos resultados, foi realizada a comparação entre as informações fornecidas pelos peritos e a literatura e as normas vigentes no país. Os resultados e discussões da pesquisa indicaram que os respondentes, profissionais da engenharia legal, embora não citassem as normativas ou doutrinas, apresentaram conhecimento que, de certa forma, estava de acordo com as regulamentações. Ainda, o uso do ambiente virtual se mostrou ser uma alternativa viável, de maior praticidade para se obter respostas de profissionais de diferentes localidades no país.

Mining activities can generate effluent contamination with potentially toxic elements such as iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn), posing environmental and technological challenges, particularly during mine closure and the decommissioning of mining structures. Constructed wetlands have been proposed as a nature-based, passive, and low-cost alternative for treating mining effluents; however, the mechanisms, controlling factors, and performance patterns governing Fe and Mn removal remain insufficiently synthesized across different wetland configurations and effluent types. This study performs a systematic review combined with a meta-analysis to synthesize Fe and Mn removal mechanisms, quantify removal performance, and identify the operational, hydraulic, physicochemical, and biological factors influencing system performance. A total of 55 primary studies were analyzed, comprising 155 observations for Fe and 96 for Mn. The results indicate that Fe removal is generally high (median ln(RR)ln(RR) = −1.89), whereas Mn removal is more variable and less efficient (median ln(RR)ln(RR) = −0.59), highlighting the greater complexity of Mn removal processes. Fe removal was mainly associated with hydraulic retention time and pH, while Mn removal was more strongly influenced by redox conditions and the type of support material, particularly mineral substrates. Overall, wetland performance is governed by the interaction among hydraulic retention time, pH buffering, redox conditions, support media reactivity, vegetation-mediated rhizosphere processes, and influent geochemistry. A significant research gap remains regarding neutral mine drainage (NMD), since this effluent category was not explicitly reported in the primary studies and could not be robustly isolated as an independent subgroup, especially in relation to Mn removal efficiency.