The (CTS-g-GMA)-X hydrogels showed higher viability in keratinocytes and nerve cells than the control (glass) and pure chitosan. No diseases were detected in human cells, as protein markers showed no abnormalities.

In this study, membranes of collagen–chitosan (C-Ch) in combination with conductive polymers (CPs) such as polyaniline (Pani) and polypyrrole (Ppy) were obtained by electrospinning using non-toxic solvents such as PBS and ethanol. The change in the morphology after swelling was observed by SEM, while an FTIR analysis showed specific interactions between C-Ch and CP. Mechanical tests showed that C-Ch/Ppy exhibited more elastic behavior and a better stress distribution compared to C-Ch/Pani. The diffusion of Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ ions through the membranes was evaluated and showed a greater resistance for Ca²⁺ in both membrane types. Preliminary biocompatibility testing with H9C2 cells showed a successful cell adhesion to the membranes. These results emphasize the potential of C-Ch/Pani composites for electrically active scaffolds and of C-Ch/PPy composites for applications in mechanically dynamic tissue-specific regeneration.

Para la ingeniería de tejidos, es fundamental disponer de un andamio que soporte el crecimiento celular, sea biocompatible, y permita una adecuada perfusión de medios acuosos. A pesar de que el alginato es un polímero aprobado para aplicaciones biomédicas, su procesamiento para obtener membranas a través del electrohilado enfrenta considerables obstáculos. El objetivo de este trabajo es obtener un método eficiente para producir nanofibras entrecruzadas de alginato (NaAlg) y alcohol polivinílico (PVA) utilizando un baño de coagulación con CaCl2 en el proceso de electrohilado con agujas simple (SN) y coaxial (CN). Se estudiaron los efectos de la relación molar para SN, el voltaje y la distancia para CN, identificando condiciones óptimas a 70 % NaAlg for SN, y 15 cm entre la aguja y el colector para CN, ambos sistemas a 0.1 ml/h y 19 kV. Las nanofibras entrecruzadas resultaron en diámetros de 70 ± 17 y 124 ± 20 nm para las SN y CN exhibiendo una morfología bien definida e interconectividad. Se confirmó por FTIR la interacción por carboxilacion con calcio, entre NaAlg y CaCl2. Estudios in vitro de CN NaAlg-PVA utilizando células de fibroblastos JB6 demostraron una tasa de proliferación celular del 124 %, lo que indica un potencial significativo para la aplicación de estas nanofibras en la cicatrización de heridas.

To enhance the functionality of collagen (Coll)-based scaffolds, we developed a double-crosslinking strategy incorporating an electroconductive chitosan (Ch) and polypyrrole (Ppy) composite. Successful pre-crosslinking of Ch and Ppy was achieved using glutaraldehyde (GTA) at 100 µM. This facilitated imine linkage formation, confirmed by FTIR, enabling synergistic integration with Coll and successful nanofiber scaffold fabrication via electrospinning. While increasing the Ch-Ppy-GTA ratio affected the spinning process and higher GTA concentrations compromised fiber homogeneity, all other measured properties generally improved with increasing ratios. Crucially, this methodology allowed the membranes to maintain their morphology and significantly extended their degradation profile up to 20–30 days in PBS medium at 37 °C. Furthermore, the scaffolds exhibited electroactivity characterized by pseudocapacitance in the presence of Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ ions. These findings demonstrate a robust, tunable method for creating electroactive and structurally stable nanofiber scaffolds suitable for advanced tissue engineering.