We report a new class of Zn anodes modified by a three-dimensional nanoporous ZnO architecture (Zn@ZnO-3D), which can accelerate the kinetics of Zn²⁺ transfer and deposition, inhibit dendrite growth, and reduce the side-reactions.

We report the chemical intercalation of Li ⁺ into the interlayer of V ₂ O ₅ · n H ₂ O with enlarged layer spacing and fast Zn ²⁺ diffusion, resulting in high rate capability and excellent long-term cycling performance.

Significance: Rechargeable lithium metal battery (RLMB) is the holy grail of high-energy-density batteries. If lithium metal anode (LMA) could be combined with 5-V LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄cathode, energy density could exceed 600 Wh/kg based on the cathode and anode electrode mass. Despite such promises, 5-V RLMB is still a vacant research space so far due to the unavailability of electrolytes which simultaneously satisfy a wide enough electrochemical stability window, good compatibility with LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄, and superior reversibility of LMA. In this work, a class of full-fluoride (FF) electrolyte is invented for 5-V RLMB which not only has good compatibility with cathode and a wide stability window but also possesses the capability to make LMA more stable and reversible.