The values of luteal blood flow (LBF), total corpus luteum (CL) area (TAR), and progesterone (P4), during and after OvSynch (OvS) protocol in comfort (CP; n = 40) and hot periods (HP; n = 40) were compared. We investigated how low and high P4 values obtained before the application affected the parameters above during CP and HP periods. Blood samples were collected before the OvS application on day 0 (OVSd0), day 9 (OeG), and day 18 (9th day after OeG: OvSd9). The P4 (ng/mL) values of the animals exhibiting dominant follicles were between 0.12–0.82 in HC and 0.1–0.88 in CP (P4-2: 4.36–4.38 and P4-3: ≥7.36 ng/mL). The LBF values were measured on days 7 (OvSd7) and 9 (OvSd9) after the OeG. The P4 mean values at day 0 (OvSd0) were classified as low (P4-1), medium (P4-2), and high (P4-3). The LBF and the TAR values in the P4-2 and P4-3 on OeG day 9 were higher than in HP (p < 0.05; 0.001), but there was no significant difference in the P4-1. In conclusion, when the OvS program was initiated with low P4 values, no difference was observed between HP and CP in terms of LBF values; however, when the program was started with high P4 values, there were significant increases in LBF and TAR values in the CP compared to the HP.

The study groups (n = 39) included ewes with ongoing pregnancy (P+; n = 19), with fetal death (FD; n = 12), and that were not pregnant (P−; n = 8). Blood samples were taken on days 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80, and 150 post-mating. Ultrasonography (USG) controls started on day 30. The P₄ concentrations differed significantly between P+ and P− on all days (p < 0.001). Regarding AMH concentrations, a significant difference was observed between P+ and P− on day 30. P₄ increased significantly from day 60 to 80 and remained elevated until day 150 in P+, while remaining basal in P−. In FD and P− groups, P₄ reached its lowest concentrations. A rapid decrease in P₄ was observed in P− from day 20 onwards. A statistically significant difference in P₄ was also noted between P+ and FD. Additionally, P₄ concentrations differed between singleton and twin pregnancies, especially on days 20 and 40. Statistically significant differences in AMH were found between P+ and FD on days 10, 20, and 30. In P+ sheep, P₄, AMH, and Hp concentrations varied by season. A significant relationship was found between AMH and Hp concentrations and body weight. In conclusion, P₄ stands out as the primary marker for distinguishing pregnancy status and detecting embryonic loss, while AMH provides complementary support, particularly in identifying fetal death. Seasonal changes were reflected across P₄, AMH, and Hp concentrations, with AMH and Hp also showing significant associations with BW.

The study groups (n=40) included animals with ongoing pregnancy (P+; n=19), with fetal death (FD; n=12), and that were not pregnant (P-; n=8). Blood samples were taken on days 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80 and 150 post mating. USG controls were started on day 30. The P4 values was a highly significant different between P+ and P- animals on all days (p<0.001). In regards to AMH values, there was a significant difference between P+ and P- on the 30th day. P4 increased significantly from day 60 to 80 and it continued until day 150. The values remained at basal levels in the P- animals. In FD and P-, the P4 values reached its lowest values. In terms of P4 values, a rapid decrease was observed in the P- group from day 20 onwards. When P4 values was determined a significant statistically difference in P+ compared to FD. Differences in P4 values were also observed between single and twin mothers around days 20 and 40. In terms of AMH, statistically significant differences were identified between P+ and FD groups on the days 10, 20 and 30. In May-June both P4 and AMH values were found to be the highest in P+ sheep. Significant decreases were obtained in Hp values during the May-June period. AMH and Hp values were significantly higher in the body weight on the 10th day, and a significant decrease was observed in the values as the weights increased. These parameters were found to be important in P+ and P- discrimination, singleton and twinning discrimination (P4), FD determination (P4, AMH) and seasonal changes and weight changes (AMH, Hp).

Background: Animal and other experimental studies have demonstrated increased block time and quality when α- and β-cyclodextrin drugs are combined with local anesthetics. However, to our knowledge, no study has utilized γ-cyclodextrins in such a combination. In the present study, we used an animal model to evaluate the effects of different doses of the combined administration of γ-cyclodextrin (sugammadex) and bupivacaine on the duration of sciatic nerve blocks in rats. Methods: Sciatic nerve blocks were performed with a 0.20 ml mixture in all groups. For the non-experimental groups, this mixture consisted of 0.2 ml saline (Sham group), 0.2 ml sugammadex (Group S), or 0.16 ml bupivacaine 0.5% and 0.04 ml saline (Group B). For the experimental groups, 0.16 ml bupivacaine 0.5% was administered along with 0.01 ml sugammadex and 0.03 ml saline (Group BS1), 0.02 ml sugammadex and 0.02 ml saline (Group BS2), or 0.04 ml sugammadex (Group BS4). Proprioception, nociception, and motor function were evaluated until the sciatic block was completely reversed.Results: Motor, proprioceptive, and nociceptive blockades occurred within 5 min in all experimental groups. In Group BS4, the duration of the motor, proprioceptive, and nociceptive blockades was significantly increased compared with the other experimental groups. However, in Groups BS1 and BS2, only the duration of the nociceptive blockade was significantly increased.Conclusions: The combined administration of sugammadex and bupivacaine for sciatic nerve blocks in rats led to a significant increase in the duration of motor, proprioceptive, and nociceptive blockades.