MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNA molecules that play crucial roles in regulating gene expression, and their dysregulation is implicated in various human diseases. Over the years, several research groups have identified miRNAs as promising therapeutic targets for intervention. Therapeutic strategies involve either overexpression or knockdown of specific miRNAs. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of synthetic poly-miRNAs and miRNA sponges, highlighting their therapeutic applications. It begins with an introduction to miRNAs and their role in human diseases, followed by a detailed discussion on synthetic poly-miRNAs and miRNA sponges by exploring their application in cardiovascular, inflammatory, autoimmune, and metabolic disorders, as well as in cancer therapy. Additionally, strategies for targeted delivery, challenges, and limitations of these therapies are addressed.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNA molecules that play crucial roles in regulating gene expression, and their dysregulation is implicated in various human diseases. Over the years, several research groups have identified miRNAs as promising therapeutic targets for intervention. Therapeutic strategies involve either the overexpression or knockdown of specific miRNAs. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of synthetic poly-miRNAs and miRNA sponges, highlighting their therapeutic applications. It begins with an introduction to miRNAs and their role in human diseases, followed by a detailed discussion on synthetic poly-miRNAs and miRNA sponges by exploring their application in cardiovascular, inflammatory, autoimmune, and metabolic disorders, as well as in cancer therapy. Additionally, strategies for targeted delivery, challenges, and limitations of these therapies are addressed.