Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder characterized by amyloid-β aggregation, tau hyperphosphorylation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Emerging evidence indicates that the gut microbiota plays a critical role in modulating neuroinflammatory, and metabolic pathways involved in AD pathogenesis through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Objective: This systematic review aims to comprehensively evaluate the role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in Alzheimer’s disease, with a particular focus on its mechanistic links to oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and amyloid pathology, as well as its therapeutic potential. Methodology: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, focusing on studies evaluating gut microbiota composition, metabolomic changes, oxidative stress markers, mitochondrial activity, and therapeutic interventions in AD models and patients. Results: Altered gut microbial composition in AD is associated with increased pro-inflammatory taxa (Escherichia-Shigella, Bacteroides) and depletion of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) producing bacteria (Faecalibacterium, Roseburia). Dysbiosis contributes to systemic inflammation, disrupted intestinal permeability, and microglial activation, leading to oxidative damage and mitochondrial impairment in neurons. Preclinical and clinical studies indicate that probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation can restore redox balance, reduce neuroinflammation, and improve cognitive outcomes. Multi-omics and AI-based models are emerging as tools for identifying microbiome-derived biomarkers for early AD detection. Conclusion: The gut microbiota-mitochondria-oxidative stress axis represents a promising therapeutic target in Alzheimer’s disease. Future research should focus on longitudinal human studies, standardized microbial profiling, and personalized microbiome-based interventions to translate these mechanistic insights into clinical benefit.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a multifaceted neurological condition impacted by biologica, psychological and environmental variables. Emerging research highlights the crucial role of the gut-brain axis (GBA), a bidirectional communication system connecting the gut microbiota and the central nervous system (CNS), in elucidating the underlying mechanisms of depression. The gut plays a significant role in mental health. It influences key processes such as neurotransmitter production, immune function, and metabolism. Dysbiosis, an imbalance in the gut microbiota, has been linked to several factors that contribute to depression which includes neuroinflammation, disrupted neurotransmitter synthesis, and heightened hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity. Key processes influenced by the gut-brain axis include the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), the regulation of the kynurenine pathway as well the stimulation of the vagus nerve. Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics has shown to support the growth of beneficial gut bacteria which have potential in restoring gut microbial balance and alleviating depression symptoms. However, further research is crucial to establish definitive cause-and-effect relationships and identify specific microbial markers associated with depression. This will enable the development of standardized microbial therapies, explain the diverse gut microbiota compositions observed in individuals with depression, and investigate how environmental and genetic factors influence these interactions. Addressing these challenges has the potential to pave the way for novel and targeted mental health treatments.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to identify the intention of Malaysia population to purchase halal cosmetics products in the market. There is little knowledge about what factors may affect personal care products the intention of Muslim customers to purchase these items Theoretical framework: Recent literature has reported consumers' opinions and intentions toward halal food goods are more favourable than their attitudes and intentions toward halal cosmetics. Design/methodology/approach: The convenience sampling method was used and a total of 521 participants was collected for this study. Participants consent was obtained electronically before they begin filling out questionnaires. Two sections were included which Part A : Socio demographic information; Part B : Halal Awareness , halal certification, exposure, product knowledge and health reason. Findings: This research concluded that exposure, halal certificates and product knowledge has given an impact on the awareness of population in Malaysia to buy halal cosmetic products. In other hand, the health reason found to be insignificantly influences awareness of halal cosmectic products among the population. Research, Practical & Social implications: We suggest a future research agenda and highlight the contributions of cosmetics products seller to be aware on the needs of halal certification for their products Originality/value: The results indicate that exposure, halal certificate and product knowledge are important variables that can increase awareness towards halal cosmetic. While the health reason is not an important predictor to the awareness towards halal cosmetic.

In Qatar, laparoscopic gastric sleeve (LGS) is a key surgical method for obesity treatment. This study assessed its impact on the lipid profiles of 863 obese patients, some with hyperlipidemia. Spanning five years (2015-2020), the research monitored metrics like total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL). Post-LGS, TC, and LDL levels decreased after three months, increased, and then significantly dropped from the 2nd to the 5th year. TG levels consistently declined over five years, while HDL saw a marked rise from six months to five years post-surgery. In conclusion, LGS positively influenced lipid profiles during certain post-operative periods.