The pollution problem caused by urban black and odorous waters has received much attention from the Chinese government. Our research aims at systematically identifying the characteristics and the influential factors of spatial differentiation of urban black and odorous waters across China. The research, based on the data of 2100 black and odorous waters in China, was conducted with the spatial analysis tool of ArcGIS. We found that the amount of Chinese urban black and odorous waters varied in spatial distribution, which was an agglomerated type with significant agglomeration. The kernel density was characterized by independent single kernel centers with ribbon-like and sporadic distributions of subcenters. The cold and hot spots showed a gradient distribution pattern of cold in the southwest and hot in the central east. These spatial distribution characteristics could be attributed to the following core factors, total wastewater discharge, length of urban drainage pipelines, municipal solid waste collection, daily urban sewage treatment capacity, and investment in urban pollution treatment of wastewater. The findings reveal the current geospatial distribution of black and odorous waters pollution and provide reference for the Chinese government to treat the pollution from several key points. Lastly, it is suggested that the Chinese government should establish joint control, joint prevention, and joint treatment mechanisms in the black and odorous waters areas and improve the safety standards of the whole water environment, so as to promote the treatment and elimination of urban black and odorous waters.

Market services industries are closely related to residents’ lives, and its spatial distribution has an important impact on satisfying residents’ consumption needs and promoting economic development. In recent years, with the rapid development of urban–rural integration and the gradual implementation of a rural revitalization strategy, rural areas around metropolises have become the “frontier” of urban geographic expansion, causing the rural market services industries to specialize, commercialize, and modernize. Taking Wuhan as a case study, the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of the market services industries were measured using the average nearest neighbor index, the kernel density estimate, the spatial correlation analysis, and the Geodetector method. The results are as follows. (1) The market services industries in Wuhan’s new urban districts, as a whole and individually, showed characteristics of agglomeration. The market services industries overall formed two high-density areas and multiple agglomeration areas, and the high-density areas of different types of market services industries showed characteristics of partial spatial overlap. (2) There was a significant positive spatial correlation in market services industries, as a whole and individually. Among them, the life services industry had the strongest spatial correlation, while the accommodation services industry had the weakest. (3) Market demand and traffic conditions were the core factors influencing the distribution of the market services industries in Wuhan’s new urban districts, followed by urbanization and economic levels; and tourism conditions had a lower impact. Each detector had a different impact on the spatial distribution of different market services industries, and the interaction research showed that the spatial distribution of the market services industries was the result of a combination of multiple factors. This research provides a future development direction for market service industries in rural areas.

A quantitative analysis of rural development is required to comprehend the spatial differentiation of a rural area and promote rural sustainable development under the pressure of urbanization and industrialization, especially areas with dramatic changes in rural socioeconomic development of China and other developing countries. Taking Wuhan as the case study, this paper developed an index system including rural settlement, land, industry and human settlement environment for evaluating the level of rural development. Then, using the exploratory spatial data analysis, the principal component analysis and the cluster analysis, this paper analyzes the spatial differentiation and correlation and categorizes the types of rural development. The results are as follows. (1) The spatial differentiation of the level of rural development in Wuhan City’s new urban districts is obvious and the areas with a high level of rural development are mainly distributed at the intersection of the new and central urban areas and gradually decrease outward. (2) There is a significant spatial agglomeration of the developed rural areas and the structure of the spatial change in these areas resembles a certain continuity, specifically a circle of “central heat surrounding cold”. (3) Rural development in the new urban areas can be divided into the following five types: the ecological leisure type, the traditional farming type, the balanced development type, the industrial-and-agricultural mixed type and the industrial promotion type. The corresponding development path is proposed in combination with different types of rural development to provide a theoretical basis and decision-making reference for rural revitalization.