Implantable electronic tags are crucial for the conservation of marine biodiversity. However, the power supply associated with these tags remains a significant challenge. In this study, an underwater flexible triboelectric nanogenerator (UF-TENG) was proposed to harvest the biomechanical energy from the movements of marine life, ensuring a consistent power source for the implantable devices. The UF-TENG, which is watertight by the protection of a hydrophobic poly(tetrafluoroethylene) film, consists of high stretchable carbon black-silicone as electrode and silicone as a dielectric material. This innovative design enhances the UF-TENG’s adaptability and biocompatibility with marine organisms. The UF-TENG’s performance was rigorously assessed under various conditions. Experimental data highlight a peak output of 14 V, 0.43 μA and 38 nC, with a peak power of 2.9 μW from only one unit. Notably, its performance exhibited minimal degradation even after three weeks, showing its excellent robustness. Furthermore, the UF-TENG is promising in the self-powered sensing of the environmental parameter and the marine life movement. Finally, a continuous power supply of an underwater temperature is achieved by paralleling UF-TENGs. These findings indicate the broad potential of UF-TENG technology in powering implantable electronic tags.

Spherical robots have many desirable traits when designing mass efficient systems interacted with unstructured terrain. In this paper, we propose a hybrid bionic spherical robot based on the morphological properties of sea urchins and the movement characteristics of tumbleweeds. This robot enables it to move freely in harsh terrain with the distributed high-aspect-ratio telescopic units, where our control strategy is based on a central pattern generator, and combines foot pressure measurements and actuator state information. In particular, these data from multiple foot pressure sensors also are used to compute the robots’ center of mass, with evaluating locomotion state during rolling maneuvers. The experimental results show the ability of our design to provide reliable pose estimates, also overcoming a challenge in the field of mobile robotics, including switch directions flexibly in harsh terrain due to their anisotropy.