Early detection of fetal intracranial hemorrhage and infarct during pregnancy is crucial for preventing lethal and debilitating complications in neonatal life. Every radiologist must be aware of the imaging features of these conditions to refer patients to specialists. Sonographic and MRI features of fetal intracranial hemorrhage and infarct have been discussed in many previous articles. The aim of this article is to organize and categorize these findings into a practical guideline for improved application in diagnosing these diseases. The use of MRI sequences, such as DWI and multiplanar EPI should be developed for suspected prenatal infarct and intracranial hemorrhage and can serve as additional tools for early detection. In this review article, we first explain possible etiologic factors contributing to the development of fetal IVH and infarct. Then we discuss the different imaging features of these disorders on sonography and MRI separately, as well as their differential diagnosis. Finally, the mortality and morbidity associated with these two concerning fetal abnormalities will be addressed.

Background: Approximately 8% of breast cancers originate within the central ducts near the nipple-areolar complex(NAC), which has revealed higher rates of occult involvement than previously thought. Precise preoperative imaging to assess NAC and subjacent tumor involvement has become critical to identify candidates for nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) while ensuring oncological safety. The aim of our study is to determine whether Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) could be used for the detection of subtle neoplastic infiltration. Method: Electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and EMBASE were systematically searched to identify all relevant studies published before 2024 on diagnostic performance of MRI in malignant extension to the nipple. The keywords included MRI, NAC, breast cancer, NSM, True Positive (TP), True Negative (TN), False Positive (FP), False Negative (FN) were extracted for analysis. Finally, 5 articles were selected for our meta-analysis. STATA version 15 was used to analysis data. Result: Our meta-analysis showed a pooled sensitivity of 85%(95% CI: 77%-91%)with low heterogeneity(I2 = 00.00%), and a pooled specificity of 82% (95% CI: 49%- 95%), with significant heterogeneity(I2 = 98%). The pooled positive diagnostic likelihood ratio(pDLR) was 4.6(95% CI: 1.3-16.6, I2 = 96.66%), and the negative diagnostic likelihood ratio(nDLR) was 0.18(95% CI: 0.10-0.33, I2 = 50.06%). Conclusion: Diagnostic MRI characteristics such as NAC enhancement, non-mass enhancement (NME) type, mass size (greater than 20 mm), and tumor-to-nipple distance (TND) were assocaited with the presence of NAC involement. Because of high diagnostic accuracy, MRI imaging can be used as a helpful tool for NAC diagnosis.

A 55-year-old patient with chronic hepatitis B infection who developed hepatocellular carcinoma. The tumor was managed with primary therapeutic resection. On postoperative follow-up imaging, rising alpha-fetoprotein noted which led into contrast-enhanced MRI of abdomen. On Imaging review, an abdominal wall lesion suspected, which was more conspicuous on the post contrast images. There are several differential diagnosis for these soft tissue lesions which demonstrate many shared imaging characteristics. Musculoskeletal and cutaneous metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma are uncommon, though clinically critical since it changes management. We strongly recommend detailed evaluation of skin and musculoskeletal regions among these patients.

Mature cystic teratoma is a common benign germ cell tumor that typically develops in the gonads, whereas extragonadal teratomas are extremely rare, accounting for only 1%-2% of all germ cell tumors, with the uterus being an unusual site. We report a case of a 38-year-old woman who presented with prolonged abnormal vaginal bleeding following an abortion. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a well-defined lesion located in the proximal endometrial cavity, showing internal vascularity and contrast enhancement similar to the surrounding myometrium, without diffusion restriction, macroscopic fat and fat suppression, or calcification on magnetic resonance imaging. Owing to the absence of the characteristic fat or calcified components typically reported in uterine teratomas, the lesion was preoperatively misdiagnosed as a submucosal myoma, and hysteroscopic resection was performed. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of a mature uterine teratoma. This case highlights a rare uterine teratoma with atypical imaging features, emphasizing that the lack of fat or calcification on magnetic resonance imaging can lead to diagnostic pitfalls and that uterine teratoma should remain in the differential diagnosis of submucosal-appearing uterine masses despite non-classic radiologic findings.