This study assessed the bacterial community composition of a drinking water system (DWS) serving a mid-sized city (120,000 inhabitants) in Brazil. Water samples, including raw and treated water, were collected at seven points throughout the DWS. DNA was extracted and analysed using high-throughput sequencing (Ion Torrent). Free chlorine and turbidity were measured in situ. Results showed that the highest relative abundance of 16S rRNA genes was from phyla Proteobacteria, followed by Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria. The next most abundant phylum was Cyanobacteria, represented by Arthronema, Calothrix, and Synechococcus. An interesting observation was that the DNA-based analysis suggested a bacterial community change in the distribution network, with treated reservoir water being very different from the network samples. This suggests active microbiology within the distribution network and a tendency for bacterial diversity to decrease after chlorine disinfection but increase after pipeline distribution. In raw water, a predominance of Proteobacteria was observed with reduced Cyanobacteria, showing a negative correlation. In treated water, Proteobacteria were negatively correlated with Bacteroidetes. Finally, 16S rRNA genes from Firmicutes (especially Staphylococcus) had a high abundance in the chlorinated water, which may indicate the phylum's resistance to chlorine residuals. Opportunistic pathogens, e.g., Mycobacteria, Legionella, and Staphylococcus, were also observed.

Conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) present low phosphorus (P) removal capacity. Conversely, water treatment plants (WTPs) produce sludge with great P sorption from wastewater; however, directly adding the sludge into the wastewater treatment system could increase the effluent turbidity. As a novel approach, the present study evaluated the performance of WTP sludge within paper sachets for P removal from treated sewage. Different sludge concentrations (2–30 g L−1) and contact times (1–27 d) were applied to treat sewage from a university WWTP outlet. The sludge was characterized by P, Fe, and Al content. Larger sludge masses showed higher P removal efficiencies due to their high Fe content, especially at longer contact times (up to 100% at the final of the experiment). However, there is a more significant P reduction in the first 10 d (more than 90% in the most efficient treatment – 30 mg L−1). Based on the kinetic and isotherm analyses and the sludge chemical composition, precipitation proved to be a mechanism of great importance in P removal. Therefore, WTP sludge sachets can be a promising way to remove P from sewage, and the formed solid waste might be reused as an alternative fertilizer.

Coffee production plays an essential role in the Brazilian economy, and a large production centre is located in Minas Gerais. In recent years, there has been an increase in coffee cultivation, consequently generating coffee wastewater (CW) and solid waste (skin, pulp, parchment, and dregs) during the processing stage. Thus, the present review study seeks to characterize these by-products from the coffee production chain and present their possible applications in agribusiness and other sectors towards a circular economy, mainly related to reuse as fertilizer or energy and biomaterial recovery. CW treatment is complex given the high concentrations of organic matter, phenols, and nutrients, especially potassium. Still, its use as a liquid fertilizer is highly recommended as it can increase crop yield. In this regard, CW should be applied to soil according to nutritional criteria, with potassium as the reference chemical element. The wastewater production and its potential for soil contamination can be reduced by applying biological, physical, or chemical treatment along with recirculation routes during the washing/peeling/pulping of coffee berries. Moreover, the solid waste from coffee production can be used for energy generation, wastewater treatment (as an organic filter material or biochar), and as organic fertilizer (in natura or composted). Key words: Coffee wastewater; fertigation; nutrients; recirculation; agro-industrial solid waste.

RESUMO A epidemiologia baseada em esgotos é uma importante ferramenta de saúde pública com grande aplicabilidade no enfrentamento à pandemia de COVID-19, visto que indivíduos infectados são capazes de excretar partículas de SARS-CoV-2. Diante desse contexto, este estudo objetivou correlacionar o número de casos de COVID-19 com variáveis físicas e químicas e presença do vírus em amostras de esgoto bruto provenientes de uma estação de tratamento de esgoto (ETE) do município de Lavras (MG) coletadas entre as 19ª e 25ª semanas epidemiológicas. As amostras foram concentradas pelo método de adsorção em membrana eletronegativa, e o RNA de SARS-CoV-2 foi extraído, detectado e quantificado por reação da transcriptase reversa seguida pela reação em cadeia da polimerase (RT-qPCR) utilizando-se oligonucleotídeos e sondas para o gene N. Ademais, as variáveis pH, sólidos suspensos totais e demanda química de oxigênio foram avaliadas. Os casos de COVID-19 foram obtidos de boletins epidemiológicos disponibilizados pela prefeitura. Na 24ª semana epidemiológica, observou-se redução na concentração viral (cópias L-1) concomitantemente às medidas de enfrentamento à pandemia iniciadas pelo município. Correlação positiva forte e significativa (p < 0,05) entre carga viral e número de casos confirmados foi obtida por meio do teste de Spearman, entretanto não houve correlação entre a presença do vírus e as características físicas e químicas do esgoto. Sugere-se, portanto, que novas pesquisas sejam realizadas com a finalidade de rastrear a concentração de SARS-CoV-2 em águas residuárias, corroborando, desse modo, com o enfrentamento à pandemia e a obtenção de sistemas de vigilância epidemiológica por meio do monitoramento de esgotos.