Objective: Gut microbiota dysbiosis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune and immune-mediated arthritis. Biologics may influence gut microbiota composition; however, it is uncertain whether biologics act directly on microbial communities or indirectly through disease modulation and restoration of immune homeostasis. This systematic review explores how biologic therapies modulate gut microbiota in autoimmune arthritis and their potential as biomarkers for treatment response and disease activity. Methods: We searched PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science for studies assessing gut microbiota changes induced by any biologic therapy in immune-mediated or autoimmune arthritis. The outcomes included changes in microbiota and the potential for microbiota as predictive biomarkers for treatment response and disease activity. Results: A total of 12 studies were included. Biologic agents, predominantly tumor necrosis factor inhibitors and interleukin 17 inhibitors, significantly altered gut microbiota composition and diversity, with most studies showing increased α-diversity and normalization of β-diversity post therapy; however, these effects were not uniformly consistent. Treatment restored beneficial short-chain fatty acid–producing taxa, including Faecalibacterium prausnitzii , Megamonas , Lachnoclostridium , and Blautia , while reducing inflammatory genera such as Escherichia - Shigella and Klebsiella . Certain taxa, notably Lachnospiraceae and Megamonas , correlated with clinical improvement and reduced disease activity. Conclusion: Biologic therapy modulates gut microbiota composition in autoimmune and immune-mediated arthritis, promoting a shift toward eubiosis. Specific microbial taxa, including Lachnospiraceae , Blautia , and F. prausnitzii , show potential as noninvasive biomarkers for treatment response and disease activity. These findings guide further longitudinal and interventional studies to validate microbial signatures and their clinical applicability.

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the developed world. The present study was conducted to assess correlation of plasma 25-Hydroxy-Vitamin D level with angiographic severity in coronary artery disease. Subjects and Methods: The present study was conducted on 120 patients of CAD. Group I were cases and group II were control. Hypertension, type II diabetes mellitus status, smoking etc. was recorded. 2 ml of blood sample was taken from all patients and measurement of 25(OH) vit D levels was performed. Results: The mean BMI in group I was 24.6 kg/m2 and 24.8 kg/m2 in group II, smoking habit was seen in 78 in group I and 34 in group II, hypertension was seen in 65 in group I and 26 in group II, diabetes was seen in 52 in group I and 30 in group II, alcoholism in 36 in group I and 10 in group II, dyslipidemia was seen in 48 in group I and 15 in group II. The mean 25 (OH) vitamin D in group I was 15.1 ng/ml and 19.6 ng/ml in group. The difference was significant (P< 0.05). Maximum dyslipidemia (80.5%) patients had low vitamin D level followed by DM, smoking, BMI, alcoholism and alcoholism. There was no correlation between risk factors and vitamin D deficiency (P> 0.05). Conclusion: Authors found that in cases, vitamin D level was lowered as compared to control, however, there was no correlation between risk factors and CAD.