This study integrates the analysis of surface temperature data with natural and anthropogenic factors closely related to the urban thermal environment in Nanjing from 2000 to 2020, exploring the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of the urban heat island effect and the interactive relationships among its influencing factors. The research findings are as follows: (1) Between 2000 and 2020, the urban heat island effect in Nanjing exhibited an expansion trend radiating from the city center to the periphery, with the heat island phenomenon primarily concentrated in the old urban areas characterized by developed commerce, industry, and dense populations. Surface temperatures gradually decreased from the city center to the suburbs, forming a distinct spatial distribution gradient. Both the standard deviation ellipse and the centroid of high-temperature areas showed a southward shift. (2) Significant differences in surface temperatures were observed across different land use types, with built-up areas and arable land maintaining relatively stable and higher surface temperatures, while water bodies and forests exhibited lower and stable surface temperatures. (3) Vegetation coverage, normalized water body index, elevation, dispersion, and the Shannon diversity index were negatively correlated with surface temperature, while the normalized difference bare land index, building index, dispersion index, and patch cohesion index were positively correlated with surface temperature. In Nanjing, the interactive effects of dual factors on the urban heat island effect were found to be greater than those of individual factors, with vegetation coverage identified as the most critical factor affecting surface temperature. Considering multidimensional factors together enhances the understanding of the spatial patterns and causes of the urban heat island effect, clarifies the interrelationships and degrees of influence among natural, socio-economic, and landscape pattern factors, and provides a scientific basis for improving the quality of the living environment in Nanjing.

The Grand Canal Basin contains exceptionally rich historical and cultural heritage, and understanding the spatial distribution patterns and determinants of this heritage can provide a scientific basis for conservation and sustainable development. This study aims to reveal the spatiotemporal synergy and dislocation–coupling relationship between immovable and intangible cultural heritage in the Grand Canal Basin, and to provide a scientific basis for the emergency management of cultural heritage and the integrated protection of Grand Canal culture. The results indicate that both heritage categories generally exhibit “coaxial agglomeration with local differentiation” in the Grand Canal Basin; although their spatial distributions differ, they co-exist geographically and complement each other functionally, forming a dislocation–coupling system that links “historical space–modern space” and “material carriers–living practices.” These findings provide theoretical support for integrated conservation and the activation-oriented safeguarding and inheritance of cultural heritage in the Grand Canal Basin.