The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of operational and design parameters on the conveying efficiency and material layer stability of air slides and to optimize the parameters of the XZ200 air slide. A gas–solid coupled simulation of the conveying process was conducted using ANSYS v2023 and Rocky v23R1 software. Three key variables—inclination angle, input air velocity, and permeable layer porosity—were analyzed to evaluate their effects on wheat flour conveying efficiency and layer stability. Orthogonal experiments and matrix analysis were applied to comprehensively assess the numerical simulation results. The findings reveal that the conveying ratio is positively correlated with input air velocity and inclination angle but negatively correlated with permeable layer porosity. Meanwhile, material layer fluctuation and stability increase with inclination angle but decrease with higher porosity. Through orthogonal testing and matrix analysis, the optimal parameter combination was determined as follows: input air velocity of 1.8 m/s, porosity of 37.84%, inclination angle of 6°, conveying ratio of 96.52%, and material layer fluctuation of 4.39 mm. This study provides a reference methodology for gas–solid coupled simulation in air slide design and offers practical guidance for parameter optimization in air slide systems.