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Prof. Miklas Scholz
Civil Engineering Research Group, School of Computing, Science and Engineering, The University of Salford, Newton Building, Salford, M5 4WT England, United Kingdom

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0 Sustainable Drainage
0 Wastewater
0 Wetlands
0 Biofiltration

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Short Biography

DProf. DProf. Prof. Prof. Miklas Scholz, cand ing, BEng (equiv), PgC, MSc, PhD, DSc, CWEM, CEnv, CSci, CEng, FHEA, FIEMA, FCIWEM, FICE, Fellow of IWA, Fellow of IETI, has published four books and 251 journal articles. Prof. Scholz has total citations of 7900, resulting in an h-index of 45. In 2019, Prof. Scholz was awarded EURO 7M for the EU H2020 REA project Water Retention and Nutrient Recycling in Soils and Streams for Improved Agricultural Production (WATERAGRI). He received EURO 1.52M for the JPI Water 2018 project Research-based Assessment of Integrated approaches to Nature-based SOLUTIONS (RAINSOLUTIONS).

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Journal article
Published: 30 August 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Customers have become very sensitive regarding the innovative evaluation of services. Due to competition in the hospitality industry, it is a challenge for hotel marketers to understand customers’ behavior. There is scant research in the hotel industry of Pakistan and especially on boutique hotels. This research seeks to measure the relationship between substantive, communicative elements of the sustainable servicescape and behavioral intentions (word of mouth) in a boutique hotel setting. However, the mediating effect of the overall perceived image is examined between these constructs. Responses of boutique hotel visitors were collected from Lahore, Islamabad, Faisalabad, and Murree. Data were analyzed by using structural equation modeling (SEM). Results display that both substantive and communicative servicescape elements positively affect the perceived image of customers, which has a positive influence on behavioral intentions such as word of mouth (WOM). Theoretical and practical implications are also discussed.

ACS Style

Khalil- Ur- Rehman; Mohammad Adnan; Naveed Ahmad; Miklas Scholz; Khalil- Ur- Rehman; Rana Tahir Naveed; Heesup Han. Impact of Substantive Staging and Communicative Staging of Sustainable Servicescape on Behavioral Intentions of Hotel Customers through Overall Perceived Image: A Case of Boutique Hotels. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 9123 .

AMA Style

Khalil- Ur- Rehman, Mohammad Adnan, Naveed Ahmad, Miklas Scholz, Khalil- Ur- Rehman, Rana Tahir Naveed, Heesup Han. Impact of Substantive Staging and Communicative Staging of Sustainable Servicescape on Behavioral Intentions of Hotel Customers through Overall Perceived Image: A Case of Boutique Hotels. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (17):9123.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Khalil- Ur- Rehman; Mohammad Adnan; Naveed Ahmad; Miklas Scholz; Khalil- Ur- Rehman; Rana Tahir Naveed; Heesup Han. 2021. "Impact of Substantive Staging and Communicative Staging of Sustainable Servicescape on Behavioral Intentions of Hotel Customers through Overall Perceived Image: A Case of Boutique Hotels." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 17: 9123.

Journal article
Published: 19 August 2021 in Sustainability
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Eunuchs and members of the transgender community are yet to be recognized as an effective human resource and this diversity in the workforce is still invisible. A tiny portion of the transgender community is employed, and they are tagged as purple collar employees. It is generally claimed that coworkers do not accept members of the transgender community in the workplace and are not willing to work with them due to their different personal, social, and work-related characteristics. This study aimed to investigate coworkers’ attitudes towards transgender colleagues and their willingness to work with them in the workplace. We selected the Punjab province of Pakistan as the context for the study where more than five hundred thousand members of the transgender community live. We collected data from 363 randomly selected respondents working in an organization where transgender people also worked. We applied Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to analyze the data. Our findings revealed that coworkers do not hesitate to work with transgender people merely based on their biological differences. Coworkers’ willingness was more influenced by social attributes (trust and support) and work attributes (knowledge, ability, and motivation) irrespective of gender differences. The study strongly suggests tapping this invisible human resource and mainstreaming this resource to emancipate transgender people from poverty and to bring a productive diversity in the workforce. Government should frame policies to provide all human rights including national identity, health and educational facilities, and organizations should provide transgender people with jobs to properly utilize this untapped human resource.

ACS Style

Zia Ullah; Esra AlDhaen; Rana Tahir Naveed; Naveed Ahmad; Miklas Scholz; Tasawar Abdul Hamid; Heesup Han. Towards Making an Invisible Diversity Visible: A Study of Socially Structured Barriers for Purple Collar Employees in the Workplace. Sustainability 2021, 13, 9322 .

AMA Style

Zia Ullah, Esra AlDhaen, Rana Tahir Naveed, Naveed Ahmad, Miklas Scholz, Tasawar Abdul Hamid, Heesup Han. Towards Making an Invisible Diversity Visible: A Study of Socially Structured Barriers for Purple Collar Employees in the Workplace. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (16):9322.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zia Ullah; Esra AlDhaen; Rana Tahir Naveed; Naveed Ahmad; Miklas Scholz; Tasawar Abdul Hamid; Heesup Han. 2021. "Towards Making an Invisible Diversity Visible: A Study of Socially Structured Barriers for Purple Collar Employees in the Workplace." Sustainability 13, no. 16: 9322.

Journal article
Published: 09 August 2021 in Sustainability
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To survive in the current competitive era, organizations need continuous performance and development. The performance of any organization is linked with their employees’ performance. However, employees give their best when they see subjective career success in the organization. There are certain factors such as work–family enrichment (WFE) that affect employee’s subjective career success. The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between work–family enrichment and subjective career success through the mediating effect of work engagement. The data for this study were collected from various private banks located in a large metropolitan city through a self-administered questionnaire. The data were analyzed through the structural equation modeling (SEM) method. The results confirmed that work–family enrichment (WFE) positively affects subjective career success (SCS), and job engagement (JE) completely mediates this relationship. These findings will be helpful for banking sector policymakers to improve the subjective career success of personnel at the workplace through WFE and JE.

ACS Style

Khalil Awan; Naveed Ahmad; Rana Naveed; Miklas Scholz; Mohammad Adnan; Heesup Han. The Impact of Work–Family Enrichment on Subjective Career Success through Job Engagement: A Case of Banking Sector. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8872 .

AMA Style

Khalil Awan, Naveed Ahmad, Rana Naveed, Miklas Scholz, Mohammad Adnan, Heesup Han. The Impact of Work–Family Enrichment on Subjective Career Success through Job Engagement: A Case of Banking Sector. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (16):8872.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Khalil Awan; Naveed Ahmad; Rana Naveed; Miklas Scholz; Mohammad Adnan; Heesup Han. 2021. "The Impact of Work–Family Enrichment on Subjective Career Success through Job Engagement: A Case of Banking Sector." Sustainability 13, no. 16: 8872.

Journal article
Published: 31 July 2021 in Nanomaterials
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Numerical studies were performed to estimate the heat transfer and hydrodynamic properties of a forced convection turbulent flow using three-dimensional horizontal concentric annuli. This paper applied the standard k–ε turbulence model for the flow range 1 × 104 ≤ Re ≥ 24 × 103. A wide range of parameters like different nanomaterials (Al2O3, CuO, SiO2 and ZnO), different particle nanoshapes (spherical, cylindrical, blades, platelets and bricks), different heat flux ratio (HFR) (0, 0.5, 1 and 2) and different aspect ratios (AR) (1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3) were examined. Also, the effect of inner cylinder rotation was discussed. An experiment was conducted out using a field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) to characterize metallic oxides in spherical morphologies. Nano-platelet particles showed the best enhancements in heat transfer properties, followed by nano-cylinders, nano-bricks, nano-blades, and nano-spheres. The maximum heat transfer enhancement was found in SiO2, followed by ZnO, CuO, and Al2O3, in that order. Meanwhile, the effect of the HFR parameter was insignificant. At Re = 24,000, the inner wall rotation enhanced the heat transfer about 47.94%, 43.03%, 42.06% and 39.79% for SiO2, ZnO, CuO and Al2O3, respectively. Moreover, the AR of 2.5 presented the higher heat transfer improvement followed by 3, 2, and 1.5.

ACS Style

Omer A. Alawi; Ali H. Abdelrazek; Mohammed Suleman Aldlemy; Waqar Ahmed; Omar A. Hussein; Sukaina Tuama Ghafel; Khaled Mohamed Khedher; Miklas Scholz; Zaher Mundher Yaseen. Heat Transfer and Hydrodynamic Properties Using Different Metal-Oxide Nanostructures in Horizontal Concentric Annular Tube: An Optimization Study. Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 1979 .

AMA Style

Omer A. Alawi, Ali H. Abdelrazek, Mohammed Suleman Aldlemy, Waqar Ahmed, Omar A. Hussein, Sukaina Tuama Ghafel, Khaled Mohamed Khedher, Miklas Scholz, Zaher Mundher Yaseen. Heat Transfer and Hydrodynamic Properties Using Different Metal-Oxide Nanostructures in Horizontal Concentric Annular Tube: An Optimization Study. Nanomaterials. 2021; 11 (8):1979.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Omer A. Alawi; Ali H. Abdelrazek; Mohammed Suleman Aldlemy; Waqar Ahmed; Omar A. Hussein; Sukaina Tuama Ghafel; Khaled Mohamed Khedher; Miklas Scholz; Zaher Mundher Yaseen. 2021. "Heat Transfer and Hydrodynamic Properties Using Different Metal-Oxide Nanostructures in Horizontal Concentric Annular Tube: An Optimization Study." Nanomaterials 11, no. 8: 1979.

Journal article
Published: 31 July 2021 in Sustainability
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The aim of the current analysis is to test the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and employee’s pro-environmental behavior (E-PEB) with the mediating effect of servant leadership (SL). The data of the current study were collected from banking employees (n = 392) serving in different banks of Pakistan through a self-administered (paper–pencil method) questionnaire and analyzed by employing structural equation modeling (SEM). The empirical results revealed that CSR directly influences E-PEB; however, this relationship is better explained in the presence of SL as a mediator (mediation explained 35% variation in E-PEB). The findings of this analysis will help academia and the banking industry improve their understanding of CSR to shape employees’ environment-specific behavior. Further, these findings will also help to deal with climate change by engaging the bank employees in different environment-specific activities to improve the overall environmental footprint of a bank.

ACS Style

Shah Murtaza; Asif Mahmood; Saima Saleem; Naveed Ahmad; Muhammad Sharif; Edina Molnár. Proposing Stewardship Theory as an Alternate to Explain the Relationship between CSR and Employees’ Pro-Environmental Behavior. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8558 .

AMA Style

Shah Murtaza, Asif Mahmood, Saima Saleem, Naveed Ahmad, Muhammad Sharif, Edina Molnár. Proposing Stewardship Theory as an Alternate to Explain the Relationship between CSR and Employees’ Pro-Environmental Behavior. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (15):8558.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shah Murtaza; Asif Mahmood; Saima Saleem; Naveed Ahmad; Muhammad Sharif; Edina Molnár. 2021. "Proposing Stewardship Theory as an Alternate to Explain the Relationship between CSR and Employees’ Pro-Environmental Behavior." Sustainability 13, no. 15: 8558.

Primary research article
Published: 22 June 2021 in Global Change Biology
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Stress factors such as climate change and drought may switch the role of temperate peatlands from carbon dioxide (CO2) sinks to sources, leading to positive feedback to global climate change. Water level management has been regarded as an important climate change mitigation strategy as it can sustain the natural net CO2 sink function of a peatland. Little is known about how resilient peatlands are in the face of future climate change scenarios, as well as how effectively water level management can sustain the CO2 sink function to mitigate global warming. The authors assess the effect of climate change on CO2 exchange of south Swedish temperate peatlands, which were either unmanaged or subject to water level regulation. Climate chamber simulations were conducted using experimental peatland mesocosms exposed to current and future representative concentration pathway (RCP) climate scenarios (RCP 2.6, 4.5 and 8.5). The results showed that all managed and unmanaged systems under future climate scenarios could serve as CO2 sinks throughout the experimental period. However, the 2018 extreme drought caused the unmanaged mesocosms under the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 switch from a net CO2 sink to a source during summer. Surprisingly, the unmanaged mesocosms under RCP 2.6 benefited from the warmer climate, and served as the best sink among the other unmanaged systems. Water level management had the greatest effect on the CO2 sink function under RCP 8.5 and RCP 4.5, which improved their CO2 sink capability up to six and two times, respectively. Under the current climate scenario, water level management had a negative effect on the CO2 sink function, and it had almost no effect under RCP 2.6. Therefore, the researchers conclude that water level management is necessary for RCP 8.5, beneficial for RCP 4.5 and unimportant for RCP 2.6 and the current climate.

ACS Style

Shokoufeh Salimi; Martin Berggren; Miklas Scholz. Response of the peatland carbon dioxide sink function to future climate change scenarios and water level management. Global Change Biology 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Shokoufeh Salimi, Martin Berggren, Miklas Scholz. Response of the peatland carbon dioxide sink function to future climate change scenarios and water level management. Global Change Biology. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shokoufeh Salimi; Martin Berggren; Miklas Scholz. 2021. "Response of the peatland carbon dioxide sink function to future climate change scenarios and water level management." Global Change Biology , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 21 June 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Social sustainability is the much emphasized organizational phenomenon in Western literature; however, in emerging economies, its importance has only been realized in the recent past. Social sustainability is the amiability of the relationship between employees and the organizations on a relatively permanent basis. Social sustainability is the key determinant of organizational sustainability and organizational effectiveness. As healthcare organizations are labor-intensive, the role of social sustainability in hospitals is more crucial. The purpose of the present study is to understand the role of work safety in improving social sustainability in public sector hospitals. To this effect, we collected data from 431 healthcare professionals of a large public sector tertiary and teaching hospital in the city of Lahore Pakistan and analyzed the data using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results uncovered certain important facts, which were not expected per se. Job design, coworkers’ behavior towards work safety, and supervisors’ role in ensuring work safety are the key factors that influence social sustainability. However, surprisingly, in the eyes of employees, management practices and safety programs/policies do not contribute to the work safety of the hospital under study. Keeping in view the findings, we suggest that management must participate in work safety affairs directly and formulate indigenous policies and programs according to local needs. Job analysis is needed to redesign job structures to meet workplace safety requirements. Formal and informal training will be beneficial to make workers and supervisors more aware, more sensitive, and more responsible regarding work safety.

ACS Style

Zia Ullah; Mohammed Sulaiman; Syed Ali; Naveed Ahmad; Miklas Scholz; Heesup Han. The Effect of Work Safety on Organizational Social Sustainability Improvement in the Healthcare Sector: The Case of a Public Sector Hospital in Pakistan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 6672 .

AMA Style

Zia Ullah, Mohammed Sulaiman, Syed Ali, Naveed Ahmad, Miklas Scholz, Heesup Han. The Effect of Work Safety on Organizational Social Sustainability Improvement in the Healthcare Sector: The Case of a Public Sector Hospital in Pakistan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (12):6672.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zia Ullah; Mohammed Sulaiman; Syed Ali; Naveed Ahmad; Miklas Scholz; Heesup Han. 2021. "The Effect of Work Safety on Organizational Social Sustainability Improvement in the Healthcare Sector: The Case of a Public Sector Hospital in Pakistan." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 12: 6672.

Review
Published: 23 May 2021 in Sustainable Cities and Society
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There is great potential to apply energy recovery from municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) to achieve better energy efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions abatement. However, in most of the wastewater treatment plants that produce biogas through sludge digestion, there is no thermal energy recovery or electricity generation, and the biogas is flared and wasted, particularly in developing countries. This paper discusses the recent technological advances related to biogas recovery from wastewater treatment besides identifying research gaps and local conditions, which affect implementation. Techniques for enhancement of biogas production such as co-digestion and microalgae systems for energy recovery were reviewed in terms of performance and context for application. This paper provides an assessment of how local conditions promote or hinder biogas recovery from WWTP in megacities of developing countries. The lack of government subsidies and a biogas market that is not well developed and regulated hinder biogas recovery implementation in the studied megacities. Infrastructure and electricity prices are also discussed. Strategies to promote energy recovery are recommended based on successful examples of energy self-sufficient WWTP. The findings may not only support planning on energy recovery but also guide technological development and research on this topic, aligned with the sustainable development goals.

ACS Style

Mariana Cardoso Chrispim; Miklas Scholz; Marcelo Antunes Nolasco. Biogas recovery for sustainable cities: A critical review of enhancement techniques and key local conditions for implementation. Sustainable Cities and Society 2021, 72, 103033 .

AMA Style

Mariana Cardoso Chrispim, Miklas Scholz, Marcelo Antunes Nolasco. Biogas recovery for sustainable cities: A critical review of enhancement techniques and key local conditions for implementation. Sustainable Cities and Society. 2021; 72 ():103033.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mariana Cardoso Chrispim; Miklas Scholz; Marcelo Antunes Nolasco. 2021. "Biogas recovery for sustainable cities: A critical review of enhancement techniques and key local conditions for implementation." Sustainable Cities and Society 72, no. : 103033.

Journal article
Published: 18 May 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The contemporary literature has largely addressed corporate social responsibility (CSR) at the macro or institutional level, whereas its effect at the micro-level is largely ignored. In addition, contemporary researchers have also ignored the importance of employee pro-environmental behavior to reduce the environmental footprint of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). With this background, the present study attempts to decrease the environmental footprint of the SME sector of China by implementing CSR at the micro-level through the involvement of employees because employees spend a significant amount of their time at workplaces, and hence their environment-related behavior may significantly contribute to improve the natural environment. In this regard, here we examined the impact of the micro-foundation of CSR on SMEs’ environmental performance with mediating effect of employees’ pro-environmental behavior. The data were collected from the different organizations in China. Our sample constitutes a supervisor–subordinate dyad from which we collected 562 filled questionnaires (281 from each). We used the structural equation modeling technique using AMOS software for data analysis, the results show that CSR, directly and indirectly, through employee’s pro-environmental behavior affects the environmental performance of SMEs, and employee pro-environmental behavior partially mediates this relationship. The findings of the present study are helpful for policymakers of the SME sector of China to address widespread environmental issues caused by their business operations.

ACS Style

Hua Yu; Muhammad Shabbir; Naveed Ahmad; Antonio Ariza-Montes; Alejandro Vega-Muñoz; Heesup Han; Miklas Scholz; Muhammad Sial. A Contemporary Issue of Micro-Foundation of CSR, Employee Pro-Environmental Behavior, and Environmental Performance toward Energy Saving, Carbon Emission Reduction, and Recycling. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 5380 .

AMA Style

Hua Yu, Muhammad Shabbir, Naveed Ahmad, Antonio Ariza-Montes, Alejandro Vega-Muñoz, Heesup Han, Miklas Scholz, Muhammad Sial. A Contemporary Issue of Micro-Foundation of CSR, Employee Pro-Environmental Behavior, and Environmental Performance toward Energy Saving, Carbon Emission Reduction, and Recycling. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (10):5380.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hua Yu; Muhammad Shabbir; Naveed Ahmad; Antonio Ariza-Montes; Alejandro Vega-Muñoz; Heesup Han; Miklas Scholz; Muhammad Sial. 2021. "A Contemporary Issue of Micro-Foundation of CSR, Employee Pro-Environmental Behavior, and Environmental Performance toward Energy Saving, Carbon Emission Reduction, and Recycling." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 10: 5380.

Journal article
Published: 18 May 2021 in Sustainability
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Organizational sustainability is the reality which is considered essential for the success of all kind of organizations. Researchers and academicians struggle to conceptualize this phenomenon while practitioners endeavor to achieve it on the ground. Much has been done in resource-affluent countries of the world, whereas in the least developed countries, social sustainability is now becoming a new normal. The purpose of this research was to understand the social perspective of organizational sustainability and the roles of electronic performance appraisal and transformational leadership in shaping it. Data were collected from the healthcare sector through the administration of close-ended questionnaires to a randomly selected sample; 320 out of 400 questionnaires with an acceptable degree of accuracy were selected for statistical treatment. Inferential statistics were applied using structural equation modeling (SEM). Results confirmed the existence of definite contributions of the electronic performance appraisal system and transformational leadership towards organizational sustainability. However, our findings surprisingly ruled out the moderating role of transformational leadership on the cause and effect relationship between electronic performance appraisal and organizational social sustainability. In the face of a scarcity of related literature in the given context and due to the partial novelty of the model, the findings of this study add significantly to the existing bank of literature in the field. It will also be handy for the guidance of practitioners who are engaged in sustainability management.

ACS Style

Zia Ullah; Susana Álvarez-Otero; Mohammed Sulaiman; Muhammad Sial; Naveed Ahmad; Miklas Scholz; Khaoula Omhand. Achieving Organizational Social Sustainability through Electronic Performance Appraisal Systems: The Moderating Influence of Transformational Leadership. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5611 .

AMA Style

Zia Ullah, Susana Álvarez-Otero, Mohammed Sulaiman, Muhammad Sial, Naveed Ahmad, Miklas Scholz, Khaoula Omhand. Achieving Organizational Social Sustainability through Electronic Performance Appraisal Systems: The Moderating Influence of Transformational Leadership. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (10):5611.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zia Ullah; Susana Álvarez-Otero; Mohammed Sulaiman; Muhammad Sial; Naveed Ahmad; Miklas Scholz; Khaoula Omhand. 2021. "Achieving Organizational Social Sustainability through Electronic Performance Appraisal Systems: The Moderating Influence of Transformational Leadership." Sustainability 13, no. 10: 5611.

Journal article
Published: 29 April 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Previous studies have largely explored corporate social responsibility (CSR) for organization-centric outcomes to achieve organizational performance, organizational commitment, or organizational citizenship behavior. However, the importance of CSR to achieve customer-centric outcomes is underexplored to date. Contemporary researchers have recently turned their attention toward CSR from the viewpoint of customer-centric outcomes. Therefore, the present study attempts to test the influence of CSR communication on social media and customer loyalty in the banking sector of a developing economy in times of crisis. This study also investigates the mediating effect of electronic word of mouth (E-WOM) with this relationship. The data of the present study were collected from different banking customers using a self-administered questionnaire. The empirical findings of this study validated that the CSR communication of a bank on social media increases customer loyalty, and E-WOM partially mediates this relationship. This study will be helpful for the banking sector to understand the importance of CSR communication to increase customer loyalty, which is very important for every bank in times of crisis.

ACS Style

Dianxi Zhang; Asif Mahmood; Antonio Ariza-Montes; Alejandro Vega-Muñoz; Naveed Ahmad; Heesup Han; Muhammad Sial. Exploring the Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility Communication through Social Media on Banking Customer E-WOM and Loyalty in Times of Crisis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 4739 .

AMA Style

Dianxi Zhang, Asif Mahmood, Antonio Ariza-Montes, Alejandro Vega-Muñoz, Naveed Ahmad, Heesup Han, Muhammad Sial. Exploring the Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility Communication through Social Media on Banking Customer E-WOM and Loyalty in Times of Crisis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (9):4739.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dianxi Zhang; Asif Mahmood; Antonio Ariza-Montes; Alejandro Vega-Muñoz; Naveed Ahmad; Heesup Han; Muhammad Sial. 2021. "Exploring the Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility Communication through Social Media on Banking Customer E-WOM and Loyalty in Times of Crisis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9: 4739.

Journal article
Published: 27 April 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Organizational crisis can serve as a base to provide an opportunity to an organization for enhancing individuals, organizations, and communities. The healthcare sector is one of those sectors that remains under continuous pressure to provide high-quality service delivery to the patients. Hence, the requirement of innovation for this sector is huge when compared to other sectors. The majority of the previous studies have investigated the phenomenon of CSR at the employee’s level (CSR-E) to influence employee behavior positively. However, the importance of CSR-E to enhance the innovative capability of the employees at the workplace is not well-explored in extant literature. Moreover, it is not clear from previous studies how the concept of servant leadership can explain the employee’s engagement towards innovative work behavior (EIB). Thus, the current survey aims to test the relationship of CSR-E and EIB in the healthcare sector of Pakistan with the mediating effect of servant leadership. The data of the current study were obtained through a self-administered (paper-pencil) survey and they were analyzed through the structural equation modeling (SEM) technique. The empirical results of SEM analysis revealed that CSR-E and EIB are positively related and servant leadership partially mediates this relationship. The findings of the current study will be helpful for policymakers to improve their understanding towards CSR-E to induce EIB in the time of crisis. At the same time, the current study also highlights the importance of servant leadership to the policymakers in encouraging the employees to display their innovative capability at the workplace to serve their organization during the time of crisis.

ACS Style

Naveed Ahmad; Miklas Scholz; Muhammad Arshad; Syed Jafri; Raja Sabir; Waris Khan; Heesup Han. The Inter-Relation of Corporate Social Responsibility at Employee Level, Servant Leadership, and Innovative Work Behavior in the Time of Crisis from the Healthcare Sector of Pakistan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 4608 .

AMA Style

Naveed Ahmad, Miklas Scholz, Muhammad Arshad, Syed Jafri, Raja Sabir, Waris Khan, Heesup Han. The Inter-Relation of Corporate Social Responsibility at Employee Level, Servant Leadership, and Innovative Work Behavior in the Time of Crisis from the Healthcare Sector of Pakistan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (9):4608.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Naveed Ahmad; Miklas Scholz; Muhammad Arshad; Syed Jafri; Raja Sabir; Waris Khan; Heesup Han. 2021. "The Inter-Relation of Corporate Social Responsibility at Employee Level, Servant Leadership, and Innovative Work Behavior in the Time of Crisis from the Healthcare Sector of Pakistan." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9: 4608.

Journal article
Published: 27 April 2021 in Sustainability
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The literature on sustainable tourism is scant, particularly in the least developed countries. Very few studies touch upon the concept and no holistic theoretical or conceptual frameworks around the idea of sustainable tourism have been formulated. This study aims at exploring the role of tour operators in developing sustainable tourism in Pakistan and how the tour operators (TOs) conceive their role in this regard. TOs were reached through phone calls, emails, and virtual sources as face-to-face interviews were not possible due to COVID-19 pandemic and restrictions on travel by the government. In-depth interviews were conducted to gather data. Results suggest that the TOs although realize the importance of social, environmental, and economic dimensions of tourism on the communities but have no management systems in place to cater accordingly. There are no incentives in place by the government facilitate TOs to design and implement such systems. The TOs do not select a destination based on Global Sustainable Tourism Council criterion, but rather the selection of destination is mostly demand-based and profit-oriented. The study suggests that corporate profit motive is the sole criterion for decision making and is one of the major causes impeding sustainable tourism in Pakistan. The role of TOs in developing sustainable tourism is vague as the TOs do not have any systems in place to implement sustainable models. The study recommends that efforts need to be put in place to incentivize sustainable tourism in Pakistan and proper laws should be set forth by the authorities to comply by the TOs. The role of TOs is important and understood, however, there is a need to put proper systems in place.

ACS Style

Zia Ullah; Rana Naveed; Atta Rehman; Naveed Ahmad; Miklas Scholz; Mohammad Adnan; Heesup Han. Towards the Development of Sustainable Tourism in Pakistan: A Study of the Role of Tour Operators. Sustainability 2021, 13, 4902 .

AMA Style

Zia Ullah, Rana Naveed, Atta Rehman, Naveed Ahmad, Miklas Scholz, Mohammad Adnan, Heesup Han. Towards the Development of Sustainable Tourism in Pakistan: A Study of the Role of Tour Operators. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (9):4902.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zia Ullah; Rana Naveed; Atta Rehman; Naveed Ahmad; Miklas Scholz; Mohammad Adnan; Heesup Han. 2021. "Towards the Development of Sustainable Tourism in Pakistan: A Study of the Role of Tour Operators." Sustainability 13, no. 9: 4902.

Journal article
Published: 24 April 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The notion of corporate social responsibility (CSR) has been around for many decades. However, even in 2021, its spectrum is still evolving. Several studies addressed CSR for realizing different organizational outcomes. However, its significance in achieving employee-related consequences is relatively new to the literature. In the same manner, it is not clear from existing literature how ethical leaders can impact their followers’ CSR-related behavior, for example, employee pro-environmental behavior (EPB). With this background, the current study aims to explore the relationship of CSR at the employee level (CSR-E) with EPB through the mediating effect of ethical leadership (ELS) in the healthcare sector of a developing economy. This study also proposes a conditional indirect effect of quality of work-life (QWL) in this relationship. The data for the current study were obtained from different hospitals located in a large city through a self-administered questionnaire. The data were examined through the structural equation modeling (SEM) technique. The results validated that CSR-E positively influences EPB, and ELS partially mediates this relationship. Furthermore, the results also confirmed the presence of the conditional indirect effect of QWL in the proposed relationship of the current study. These findings will be helpful for healthcare policymakers to enhance the pro-environmental behavior of employees at the workplace through CSR-E and ELS. These results will also be helpful in reducing the overall environmental footprint of a hospital.

ACS Style

Edina Molnár; Asif Mahmood; Naveed Ahmad; Amir Ikram; Shah Murtaza. The Interplay between Corporate Social Responsibility at Employee Level, Ethical Leadership, Quality of Work Life and Employee Pro-Environmental Behavior: The Case of Healthcare Organizations. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 4521 .

AMA Style

Edina Molnár, Asif Mahmood, Naveed Ahmad, Amir Ikram, Shah Murtaza. The Interplay between Corporate Social Responsibility at Employee Level, Ethical Leadership, Quality of Work Life and Employee Pro-Environmental Behavior: The Case of Healthcare Organizations. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (9):4521.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Edina Molnár; Asif Mahmood; Naveed Ahmad; Amir Ikram; Shah Murtaza. 2021. "The Interplay between Corporate Social Responsibility at Employee Level, Ethical Leadership, Quality of Work Life and Employee Pro-Environmental Behavior: The Case of Healthcare Organizations." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9: 4521.

Editorial
Published: 12 April 2021 in Environments
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This Special Issue is concerned with treatment wetlands, which are artificial (or constructed) wetlands usually treating municipal or industrial wastewater, greywater and storm water runoff

ACS Style

Miklas Scholz. Special Issue on Treatment Wetlands. Environments 2021, 8, 30 .

AMA Style

Miklas Scholz. Special Issue on Treatment Wetlands. Environments. 2021; 8 (4):30.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Miklas Scholz. 2021. "Special Issue on Treatment Wetlands." Environments 8, no. 4: 30.

Journal article
Published: 07 April 2021 in Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research
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With the advent of the Internet and other digital technologies, contemporary businesses from all sectors are using social media for communication with consumers to engage them meaningfully with a brand. However, the use of social media for corporate social responsibility (CSR) communication is relatively new to the existing literature. Likewise, the impact of CSR communication through social media (CSR-S) on consumer emotions and behavior is, to date, underexplored. To address this, the present research aims to test the relationship of CSR-S on brand admiration and consumer purchase intention. The study proposes a direct relationship between CSR-S and purchase intention with a mediating effect of brand admiration. The data were collected from the banking consumers of Pakistan through a self-administered questionnaire. The authors distributed 800 questionnaires and received 463 questionnaires useful for data analysis, so the present research study response rate was around 59%. The data were analyzed using the structural equation modeling (SEM) technique in AMOS. The results revealed that CSR-S is positively related to purchase intention (β = 0.233). The results further showed that brand admiration partially mediates this relationship (β = 0.079). The survey respondents confirmed that their bank’s CSR communication helps enhance their purchase likelihood and their feelings of admiration for their bank. These findings will help policymakers at banking institutions better understand the importance of CSR communication on different social media platforms to achieve consumer-related outcomes.

ACS Style

Shuchi Gupta; Nishad Nawaz; Adel Alfalah; Rana Naveed; Saqib Muneer; Naveed Ahmad. The Relationship of CSR Communication on Social Media with Consumer Purchase Intention and Brand Admiration. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research 2021, 16, 1217 -1230.

AMA Style

Shuchi Gupta, Nishad Nawaz, Adel Alfalah, Rana Naveed, Saqib Muneer, Naveed Ahmad. The Relationship of CSR Communication on Social Media with Consumer Purchase Intention and Brand Admiration. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research. 2021; 16 (5):1217-1230.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shuchi Gupta; Nishad Nawaz; Adel Alfalah; Rana Naveed; Saqib Muneer; Naveed Ahmad. 2021. "The Relationship of CSR Communication on Social Media with Consumer Purchase Intention and Brand Admiration." Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research 16, no. 5: 1217-1230.

Journal article
Published: 31 March 2021 in Sustainability
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Achieving consumer loyalty will remain a prime objective of every business in the current volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous environment (VUCA), which demands some out-of-the-box thinking on the part of policymakers to sustain the competitive advantage. Sustainability has been emerging as a “new normal” for all industries of the present era, which forces all sectors to incorporate it into their business operations. There have been studies on the relationship between sustainability and consumer loyalty, but these studies are inconclusive, further establishing the importance of more research in this area. In this frame of reference, the present research objective is to test the dimensional impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities (economic, environmental, social) on banking consumers’ loyalty in the context of Pakistan. The data were collected from different bank account holders, which were then analyzed through the structural equation modeling (SEM) technique in AMOS. The results revealed that all three dimensions of CSR positively relate to consumer loyalty. The banking industry policymakers can benefit from the findings of the present study to understand sustainability from the lens of marketing to drive a higher level of consumer loyalty.

ACS Style

Naveed Ahmad; Asif Mahmood; Antonio Ariza-Montes; Heesup Han; Felipe Hernández-Perlines; Luis Araya-Castillo; Miklas Scholz. Sustainable Businesses Speak to the Heart of Consumers: Looking at Sustainability with a Marketing Lens to Reap Banking Consumers’ Loyalty. Sustainability 2021, 13, 3828 .

AMA Style

Naveed Ahmad, Asif Mahmood, Antonio Ariza-Montes, Heesup Han, Felipe Hernández-Perlines, Luis Araya-Castillo, Miklas Scholz. Sustainable Businesses Speak to the Heart of Consumers: Looking at Sustainability with a Marketing Lens to Reap Banking Consumers’ Loyalty. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (7):3828.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Naveed Ahmad; Asif Mahmood; Antonio Ariza-Montes; Heesup Han; Felipe Hernández-Perlines; Luis Araya-Castillo; Miklas Scholz. 2021. "Sustainable Businesses Speak to the Heart of Consumers: Looking at Sustainability with a Marketing Lens to Reap Banking Consumers’ Loyalty." Sustainability 13, no. 7: 3828.

Journal article
Published: 31 March 2021 in Journal of Environmental Management
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Water purification is one of the most essential services provided by wetlands. A lot of concerns regarding wetlands subjected to climate change relate to their susceptibility to hydrological change and the increase in temperature as a result of global warming. A warmer condition may accelerate the rate of decomposition and release of nutrients, which can be exported downstream and cause serious ecological challenges; e.g., eutrophication and acidification. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of climate change on water quality in peatland and constructed wetland ecosystems subject to water level management. For this purpose, the authors simulated the current climate scenario base on the database from Malmö station (Scania, Sweden) for 2016 and 2017 as well as the future climate scenarios for the last 30 years of the century based on the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) and different regional climate models (RCM) for a region wider than Scania County. For future climate change, the authors simulated low (RCP 2.6), moderate (RCP 4.5) and extreme (RCP 8.5) climate scenarios. All simulations were conducted within climate chambers for experimental peatland and constructed wetland mesocosms. Our results demonstrate that the effect of climate scenario is significantly different for peatlands and constructed wetlands (interactive effect) for the combined chemical variables. The warmest climate scenario RCP 8.5 is linked to a higher water purification function for constructed wetlands, but to a lower water purification function and a subsequent deterioration of peatland water qualities, even if subjected to water level management. The explanation for the different response of constructed wetlands and peatlands to climate change could be due to the fact that the substrate in the constructed wetland mesocosms and peatlands was different in terms of the organic matter quality and quantity. The utilization of nutrients by the plants and microbial community readily exceed the mineralization under a limited nutrient content (as we had in constructed wetland) when the temperature rises. However, concerning the extreme scenario RCP 8.5, the peatlands have shown a tendency to have reverse processes.

ACS Style

Shokoufeh Salimi; Miklas Scholz. Impact of future climate scenarios on peatland and constructed wetland water quality: A mesocosm experiment within climate chambers. Journal of Environmental Management 2021, 289, 112459 .

AMA Style

Shokoufeh Salimi, Miklas Scholz. Impact of future climate scenarios on peatland and constructed wetland water quality: A mesocosm experiment within climate chambers. Journal of Environmental Management. 2021; 289 ():112459.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shokoufeh Salimi; Miklas Scholz. 2021. "Impact of future climate scenarios on peatland and constructed wetland water quality: A mesocosm experiment within climate chambers." Journal of Environmental Management 289, no. : 112459.

Journal article
Published: 26 March 2021 in Sustainability
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Social media has emerged as a flexible and interactive communication medium in the present digital era. Contemporary businesses use social media to achieve different communication objectives. However, using social media as a communication medium for corporate social responsibility (CSR) communication with stakeholders like, consumers is not well-explored in the existing literature. Furthermore, prior studies have also failed to consider the blend of CSR communication and social media to achieve consumer-related outcomes, for example, their loyalty and purchase likelihood. To this end, the objective of this study is to examine the relationship of the CSR communication of a bank through social media with consumer loyalty and purchase intention. The current study also proposes brand admiration as a potential mediator between this relationship. The data were collected from the banking consumers through a self-administered questionnaire in a developing economy. The data were analyzed through the structural equation modeling (SEM) technique using AMOS software. The results of the current survey confirmed that CSR communication of a bank on social media has direct and indirect, via brand admiration, relations with consumer loyalty, and purchase intentions. The outcomes of this survey will be helpful for the policymakers to understand the importance of CSR communication on social media to enhance the loyalty, and purchase intention of banking consumers.

ACS Style

Shuchi Gupta; Nishad Nawaz; Abhishek Tripathi; Saqib Muneer; Naveed Ahmad. Using Social Media as a Medium for CSR Communication, to Induce Consumer–Brand Relationship in the Banking Sector of a Developing Economy. Sustainability 2021, 13, 3700 .

AMA Style

Shuchi Gupta, Nishad Nawaz, Abhishek Tripathi, Saqib Muneer, Naveed Ahmad. Using Social Media as a Medium for CSR Communication, to Induce Consumer–Brand Relationship in the Banking Sector of a Developing Economy. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (7):3700.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shuchi Gupta; Nishad Nawaz; Abhishek Tripathi; Saqib Muneer; Naveed Ahmad. 2021. "Using Social Media as a Medium for CSR Communication, to Induce Consumer–Brand Relationship in the Banking Sector of a Developing Economy." Sustainability 13, no. 7: 3700.

Journal article
Published: 26 March 2021 in Hydrology
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It has become necessary to estimate the quantities of runoff by knowing the amount of rainfall to calculate the required quantities of water storage in reservoirs and to determine the likelihood of flooding. The present study deals with the development of a hydrological model named Hydrologic Engineering Center (HEC-HMS), which uses Digital Elevation Models (DEM). This hydrological model was used by means of the Geospatial Hydrologic Modeling Extension (HEC-GeoHMS) and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) to identify the discharge of the Al-Adhaim River catchment and embankment dam in Iraq by simulated rainfall-runoff processes. The meteorological models were developed within the HEC-HMS from the recorded daily rainfall data for the hydrological years 2015 to 2018. The control specifications were defined for the specified period and one day time step. The Soil Conservation Service-Curve number (SCS-CN), SCS Unit Hydrograph and Muskingum methods were used for loss, transformation and routing calculations, respectively. The model was simulated for two years for calibration and one year for verification of the daily rainfall values. The results showed that both observed and simulated hydrographs were highly correlated. The model’s performance was evaluated by using a coefficient of determination of 90% for calibration and verification. The dam’s discharge for the considered period was successfully simulated but slightly overestimated. The results indicated that the model is suitable for hydrological simulations in the Al-Adhaim river catchment.

ACS Style

Ahmed Hamdan; Suhad Almuktar; Miklas Scholz. Rainfall-Runoff Modeling Using the HEC-HMS Model for the Al-Adhaim River Catchment, Northern Iraq. Hydrology 2021, 8, 58 .

AMA Style

Ahmed Hamdan, Suhad Almuktar, Miklas Scholz. Rainfall-Runoff Modeling Using the HEC-HMS Model for the Al-Adhaim River Catchment, Northern Iraq. Hydrology. 2021; 8 (2):58.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ahmed Hamdan; Suhad Almuktar; Miklas Scholz. 2021. "Rainfall-Runoff Modeling Using the HEC-HMS Model for the Al-Adhaim River Catchment, Northern Iraq." Hydrology 8, no. 2: 58.