Environmental temperature (T_e) is a main atmospheric parameter that may affect the physical and physiological demands of outdoor sports. Thus, this study aimed to examine the relationship of T_e with the physical and physiological demands of beach soccer match-play. Physical and physiological demands were collected from 60 male players during Portuguese elite beach soccer championship matches using a 10 Hz wearable global positioning system, heart rate, and the rate of perceived exertion (RPE). A bilateral counter-movement jump (CMJ) test assessed lower limb power performance before and immediately after the match. Fluid loss was determined by body mass weighing before and after the end of the match. T_e and wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) parameters were continuously recorded. The matches occurred across T_e ranging from ~20.0 °C to 43.0 °C. Physical demands, CMJ height, peak heart rate (HR_peak), mean heart rate (HR_mean), and RPE were not correlated with T_e. However, a significant correlation was found between fluid loss and T_e (r [95% CIs] = 0.67 [0.43–0.75]; p < 0.001). Beach soccer players maintained physical performance independent of T_e. The specific characteristics of the sport may have promoted adequate thermoregulatory adaptations, helping maintain the players’ physical performance, particularly in matches played under high T_e conditions. Elite beach soccer players maintained their physical performance independently of T_e and despite experiencing dehydration (a body mass decrease of more than 2%) when the T_e exceeded 35 °C.

Objectives: We compared the effects of two active re-warm-up protocols applied during halftime’s last three minutes, after a warm-up, testing, and a simulated first-half match. Methods: Twenty-two professional players from a first Portuguese division club were randomized into two re-warm-up protocols during a simulated match interval: (i) a strength, plyometrics, and balance protocol (SPBP); and (ii) a soccer-specific protocol (SSP). Players were assessed for a 20-m linear sprint and countermovement jump (CMJ) after the warm-up and the re-warm-up. Descriptive statistics and mixed ANOVA were performed, with effect size assessed using partial eta-squared. The Acute Readiness Monitoring Scale (ARMS) questionnaire was administered after the simulated match and re-warm-up and was analyzed using a multifactorial ANOVA. Results: No significant interaction effects were observed (p > 0.05). Comparing pre-match to post-re-warm-up, there was a slight decrease in sprint (significant) and jump performance (non-significant). Additionally, there were no between-protocol differences in perceived readiness (ARMS). Conclusions: After the three-minute re-warm-up protocols, similar results were observed in the 20-m sprint performance, CMJ, and perceived readiness when comparing SPBP and SSP. These re-warm-up protocols (SPBP and SSP) are practical to implement within a 3-min time window, and, given their apparent lack of differences, players’ preferences could be considered. However, the SSP is currently subject to restrictions that limit teams’ access to the field during this period. Future research should compare active re-warm-up protocols with passive controls to more clearly assess their effectiveness.

Purpose : This exploratory study investigated the effects of a 3-minute re-warm-up protocol implemented during halftime on sprint and jump performance in female soccer players. Methods : Twenty-two professional female soccer players from 2 Portuguese clubs from First and Second Divisions were randomly assigned to either a control group (G1: passive rest) or an experimental group (G2: re-warm-up). The Integrated Re-warm-up soccer protocol, performed by G2, consisted of 6 FIFA 11+ power exercises and a small-sided game. Performance was measured using a 20-m sprint and countermovement jump at baseline (post-warm-up) and after the half-time intervention. A 2-way analysis of variance (group × time) was conducted for analysis, with effect sizes reported as partial eta squared ( ). Results : A time × group interaction was found for sprint performance ( F = 6.66, P = .019, ), favoring the experimental group (G1: −0.25 s vs G2: −0.40 s). For countermovement jump performance, no time × group interaction was observed ( F = 2.66, P = .483, ), although a main effect of time effect was detected ( F = 10.34, P = .005, ); both groups showed a decrease in jump height, but to a lesser extent in the re-warm-up group (G1: −2.85 cm vs G2: −1.82 cm). Conclusions : A brief 3-minute re-warm-up protocol implemented at halftime improved sprint performance compared to passive rest. These findings suggest that time-efficient re-warm-up protocols, combining FIFA 11+ power exercises and small-sided games may be useful during the half-time interval in female soccer players.

Purpose : High environmental temperature ( T _e ) is associated with adverse effects on athletes’ performance. Whether such effects are comparable across different sports and competitive levels remains uncertain. We explored and compared the physical performance, physiological, and perceptual responses of elite and nonelite beach soccer players during official matches, focusing on the potential effects of T _e . Methods : One hundred fifty-four male beach soccer players were monitored across 13 official matches. Physical performance (locomotor activity and countermovement jump), heart rate, rate of perceived exertion, hydration (liquid intake and fluid loss), and T _e were collected. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance, followed by multivariate analysis of covariance and interaction analyses. Results : Elite players covered greater total distance (∼16%), high-speed running (∼19%), and sprinting (∼60%); performed more sprints (∼60%) and had ∼1-point higher rate of perceived exertion than nonelite players. After adjustment for T _e , differences in total distance and rate of perceived exertion between competitive levels appeared attenuated. In contrast, small effects were observed for V _peak ( ) and accelerations ( ), and a medium effect was observed for fluid loss ( ). As T _e increased, elite players tended to cover greater total distance while reducing high-intensity actions, whereas nonelite players showed progressively greater high-intensity efforts, with relatively stable HR _peak and HR _mean , while time >85%HR _peak tended to increase. In matches played at T _e ≥ 35 °C, elite players experienced ∼34% greater fluid loss than nonelite players. Conclusion : These findings suggest that elite and nonelite beach soccer players may respond differently as T _e increases, highlighting the need for monitoring and hydration strategies tailored to competitive level under high T _e conditions.