Introduction: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) prevalence data in Türkiye is limited. We aimed to determine the nationwide prevalence of MASLD and advanced hepatic fibrosis risk in subjects with cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRF). Despite recent international consensus redefining fatty liver disease terminology, no nationwide MASLD study has been reported in Türkiye. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 14,371 adults with ≥1 CMRF from 44 centers across 31 cities. MASLD was diagnosed using liver ultrasonography plus cardiometabolic criteria. Advanced fibrosis risk was assessed by fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) score (≥1.3 for ≤65 years; ≥2.0 for >65 years). Logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of high FIB-4. Results: A total of 61.4% of participants were women, the mean age was 51.3 ± 14.4 years, and the mean BMI was 31.4 ± 6.0 kg/m². MASLD prevalence was 75.7% (n = 10,873), rising with the number of CMRFs (56.5% with one factor vs. 83.4% with all). The prevalence of high FIB-4 scores was 12.0% overall, being lower in MASLD patients than non-MASLD patients (11.2% vs. 14.4%, p < 0.001). FIB-4 scores decreased with increasing BMI (28.1% underweight vs. 8.7% class III obesity). Male sex, T2DM, and hypertension independently predicted high FIB-4 scores, while smoking, higher BMI, and MASLD were inversely associated. Conclusions: Three-quarters of Turkish adults with CMRF have MASLD. Standard FIB-4 thresholds may underestimate fibrosis risk in obese and smoking populations, underscoring the need for adjusted cut-offs or alternative tools. This study is the first to provide nationwide MASLD prevalence data in Türkiye.

Background and Objectives: The myocardial performance index (MPI) is a diagnostic tool that assesses both the systolic and diastolic function of ventricles. The MPI provides a comprehensive view of the overall efficiency of the heart’s pumping ability, making it a valuable tool for detecting early signs of heart dysfunction, even in the absence of overt symptoms. In this regard, we aimed to explore the relationship between the triglyceride–glucose (TyG) index and subclinical heart failure (HF), as well as its correlation with the MPI, in asymptomatic patients visiting a routine cardiology outpatient clinic. The study specifically excluded individuals with known diabetes, hypertension, and HF, focusing instead on those who had undergone 12 h fasting blood glucose (FBG) and triglyceride (TG) tests. Materials and Methods: The study included 125 patients with FBG, TG, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) data after the exclusion criteria were applied. Results: When asymptomatic patients were categorized as MPI normal or MPI (+) subjects, significant differences were found between the groups in terms of body mass index (BMI), metabolic syndrome (MetS) components, and serum TG values. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a significant and positive correlation between the MPI and TyG index (r = 0.358, p < 0.001). Regression analysis was used to determine the effective parameters in subclinical left ventricular dysfunction (SCLVD). In univariate regression analysis, obesity, the presence of MetS, serum TG, and the TyG index were identified as risk factors. In multivariate regression analysis, the TyG index was found to be the independent risk factor. Conclusions: The positive association found between the MPI and TyG index suggests a link with metabolic disorders and myocardial performance. Obesity, the presence of MetS, serum TG, and the TyG index were identified as risk factors for SCLVD in asymptomatic patients. Notably, the TyG index was identified as an independent risk factor for SCLVD, highlighting its potential role in the early identification and risk stratification of individuals at risk for cardiac dysfunction. These findings suggest that monitoring the TyG index could provide valuable insights into subclinical heart dysfunction, particularly in patients with metabolic abnormalities.

Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a rare inflammatory breast disease that can be clinically and radiologically mistaken for carcinoma. Although its etiology remains uncertain, potential associations with pregnancy, lactation, hormonal imbalances, autoimmunity, smoking, and various microorganisms have been suggested. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between IGM and oral health. We included 42 female patients diagnosed with IGM based on histopathological evaluations conducted between September 2018 and October 2023. The reference group consisted of 47 female patients with clinically, radiologically, and laboratory-proven non-specific mastitis and 36 healthy female individuals. The oral health of all participants was evaluated by an experienced dentist using the "Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth" (DMFT) index and the "Simplified Oral Hygiene Index" (OHI-S). The ages of IGM patients included in this study ranged from 29 to 51 years, with a mean age of 34.88 ± 4.87 years. The most common clinical findings were pain (n = 38), palpable breast mass, erythema, induration, and dermal sinus. Comparison of the OHI-S and DMFT index values among participants revealed that those diagnosed with IGM had significantly higher values than those in the reference group (P < 0.05). Our findings suggest a potential involvement of poor oral health in the etiology of IGM. Future studies should consider oral health as a factor in IGM etiology and explore the oral microbiota in samples obtained from the affected tissue.

Aims: This study aimed to determine the clinical, radiological and laboratory risk factors associated with the development of pulmonary embolism in patients with lower extremity deep vein thrombosis and to determine the role of the TyG index. Methods: In this single-center retrospective study, electronic medical records of patients diagnosed with lower extremity deep vein thrombosis confirmed by ultrasonography were retrospectively reviewed. Among these patients, patients who underwent computed tomography pulmonary angiography imaging within the first 24 hours with suspected pulmonary embolism and developed pulmonary embolism were identified and recorded. Clinical, radiological and laboratory values of these patients were analyzed with statistical methods and the results were compared. Results: Obesity, diabetes, immobility, thrombus location and high triglyceride-glucose index were determined as risk factors for the development of pulmonary embolism in patients diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis. Conclusion: Our study findings indicate that diabetes and high triglyceride-glucose index are independent risk factors for pulmonary embolism in patients with deep vein thrombosis. This suggests that the incidence of pulmonary embolism in patients with deep vein thrombosis can be significantly reduced by controlling diabetes and related factors contributing to high triglyceride-glucose index.

Background and Objectives: Inborn errors of immunity (IEI), also referred to as primary immunodeficiencies, are chronic conditions characterized by recurrent infections and long-term treatment requirements that may adversely affect psychological well-being. Although mental health outcomes in patients with IEI have been increasingly recognized, data regarding the psychological impact on family members remain limited. This study aimed to evaluate anxiety and depressive symptoms in patients with IEI and their family members compared with healthy controls and to examine the association of sociodemographic and clinical factors with anxiety and depressive symptom scores. Materials and Methods: A total of 375 participants were included, comprising 34 patients with IEI, 102 family members, and 239 healthy controls. Anxiety and depressive symptoms were assessed using the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Group comparisons were performed using non-parametric statistical tests. Multivariable linear regression analyses were conducted to identify independent predictors of anxiety and depressive symptoms. The internal consistency of the scales was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha, McDonald’s omega, and Guttman’s lambda-2 coefficients. Results: Both patients with IEI and their family members demonstrated significantly higher BAI and BDI scores than healthy volunteers in the unadjusted comparisons (all p < 0.001), with no statistically significant differences between patients and relatives. After multivariable adjustment using HC3 robust standard errors, healthy volunteers had significantly lower BAI and BDI scores than patients with IEI. Patient relatives had significantly lower BDI scores, but their adjusted BAI scores did not differ significantly from those of patients. Female sex remained independently associated only with higher BAI scores. The BAI and BDI showed excellent internal consistency, with all reliability coefficients exceeding 0.90. Conclusions: Patients with IEI and their family members had higher anxiety and depressive symptom scores than healthy volunteers. Although patients and relatives had comparable BAI and BDI scores in the unadjusted comparisons, adjusted analyses showed significantly lower BDI scores among relatives, whereas the adjusted BAI difference was not statistically significant. Healthy volunteers had significantly lower adjusted BAI and BDI scores than patients, and female sex was independently associated with higher BAI scores. These findings support consideration of psychological well-being at both the patient and family levels in IEI, although the cross-sectional design precludes causal inference.