Diabetes has increasingly affected populations over the decades, particularly among elderly groups. Maintaining a healthy diet is crucial for managing diabetes, yet elderly people with diabetes often exhibit poor dietary habits. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the dietary needs of elderly individuals with diabetes to provide comprehensive guidance for improving their dietary habits and overall diabetes management. A systematic review approach was adopted in this study, three reference databases, Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed were consulted; 28 articles were screened in the final data code and analysis. Results found that four important needs among diabetic elderly include healthy diet knowledge, dietary suggestions, glucose monitoring, and physical activity. Those findings reveal the significance of diabetes management, underscoring the need for targeted educational interventions. Personalized nutrition plans and user-friendly glucose monitoring technologies are essential for improving dietary adherence and blood glucose control. Barriers to regular physical activity, including mobility issues and fear of injury, highlight the need for tailored, enjoyable exercise programs. Addressing these issues through holistic and individualized approaches can enhance diabetes management and health outcomes for this population. The study emphasizes the need for healthcare providers to develop and implement personalized nutrition plans, user-friendly glucose monitoring devices, and tailored exercise programs to support better diabetes management in the elderly population. Future research should focus on creating and testing these user-friendly products to further enhance care for this vulnerable group.

Conventional lecture-based instruction in music theory often falls short in fostering deep engagement, critical thinking, and applied musicianship—particularly in educational contexts shaped by teacher-centered traditions. This study presents the design, implementation, and empirical evaluation of a Flipped Classroom Module (FCM) tailored to undergraduate music theory instruction in Chinese higher education. Grounded in a tripartite theoretical framework integrating Self-Directed Learning, Course Development Theory, and Collaborative Learning Theory. The module employs a three-phase instructional sequence—pre-class preparation, in-class collaboration, and post-class reflection—delivered through a customized learning management system. A quasi-experimental design (N = 60) compared the FCM group with a traditional instruction control group across both cognitive and practical learning domains. Validated pre- and post-tests assessed music-theoretical knowledge and applied skills, and statistical analyses (independent and paired-sample t-tests) revealed significant learning gains in the FCM group (p < .05). Beyond confirming the pedagogical efficacy of the flipped approach, the study demonstrates how culturally responsive instructional design can enhance accessibility, learner autonomy, and instructional coherence within constrained curricular environments. The findings contribute to ongoing international discourse on digital transformation in higher music education and offer a replicable framework for theory-informed, discipline-specific flipped pedagogy.

The application of computer-assisted learning in music education not only changes the traditional teaching mode, in addition, it provides students with a richer and more personalized learning experience. However, the implementation of computer-assisted learning also faces many challenges, such as insufficient technological infrastructure, teachers' role change, and the development of students' independent learning ability. Therefore, this study explored the pedagogical effects of computer-assisted learning applications in music-flipped classrooms and how to enhance students' learning and musical expression through a computer-assisted flipped classroom teaching model by using the literature review method. Through a five-step approach, this study analyzes the current status, problems, challenges and opportunities of computer-assisted education in music-flipped classrooms, aiming to assess its effectiveness and propose strategies to promote innovation and development in music education. The study findings demonstrated that utilising computer-assisted learning in the music-flipped classroom substantially enhanced students' musical knowledge, skills, and performance by fostering active learning participation and interaction. Conclusions drawn from the study found that computer-assisted learning is effective in improving learning outcomes and musical performance and can contribute to the advancement of music education theory and practice. Future academic exploration needs to confront these obstacles and delve into inventive applications of computer-assisted learning. Furthermore, there is a necessity for prolonged investigations to evaluate the enduring influence of music education outcomes through computer-assisted music-flipped classroom instruction.

The increasing incidence of diabetes among the elderly has heightened the demand for effective healthcare solutions, with mobile applications emerging as promising options for managing healthy diet education. However, age-related declines in cognitive, physical, and sensory functions may reduce elderly's willingness to learn new technologies. This study aims to examine the dietary needs of diabetic elderly, identify factors influencing their learning habits, and explore key elements in designing and accepting mobile applications. Using a four-step approach—identifying target users, reviewing literature, pinpointing key variables, and developing a conceptual framework—the study found that exercise, BMI, and a healthy diet attitude significantly shape dietary habits. It also identified appearance, functionality, and interface design as critical factors for mobile applications. Additionally, perceived ease of use, usefulness, safety, and enjoyment were found to be important for acceptance. These elements should guide future research in designing mobile applications for diabetic elderly healthy diet education.

The growing prevalence of diabetes among the older adults has made effective dietary management essential for controlling blood glucose levels and reducing complications. In the age of the Internet of Things (IoT), smart applications and product designs are increasingly recognized as valuable tools for supporting personalized health management and enhancing quality of life. However, most existing mobile health solutions fail to accommodate the specific cognitive and physical needs of older adults with type 2 diabetes. This study aims to explore these unique needs to inform the development of a healthy diet compliance solution tailored to this population. A qualitative interview approach was employed to investigate the dietary management needs, behaviors, and technological preferences of older adults users. Twelve older adults with type 2 diabetes, aged 60 to 74 years (average age 66.7), participated in interviews conducted at a government hospital. Data were analyzed using ATLAS.ti software to identify key themes, which informed the conceptual design of a targeted healthy diet management application. The findings highlight five critical areas for diabetes care in older adults: diabetes knowledge, glucose monitoring, diet planning, physical activity. Based on these insights, a conceptual app prototype was developed, featuring educational content, simplified glucose tracking tools, personalised meal planning, and integration with activity monitoring. The app design prioritises accessibility, incorporating elderly-friendly elements such as large text, camera picture assistance, and intuitive navigation. This study highlights the potential of tailored mobile applications to support older adults with type 2 diabetes in managing their health more effectively. The proposed application design responds directly to the specific usability needs of this demographic. Future work should include iterative prototyping and user testing to enhance usability and assess real-world impact.