The overall response of asphalt concrete under a subjected load is governed not only by the properties of its constituents but also by the interactions among them. In this paper, we focus on the numerical analysis of aggregate debonding, which is typically a phenomenon that precedes crack initiation. The interfacial transition zone plays a crucial role in the macroscopic performance of this material. Using image processing to reconstruct a specific sample microstructure, we carried out several finite element analyses to assess the impact of the debonding phenomenon on the general performance of asphalt concrete. Image segmentation algorithms were employed to accurately detect aggregate boundaries, followed by vectorization to describe their geometries. After applying a series of error-controlled geometry simplification procedures, the final microstructure was exported to the ABAQUS/Standard 2023 environment. A linear elastic solution for the reconstructed asphalt concrete sample was used as the reference solution. It was compared with linear viscoelastic solutions with a perfect bonding between constituents and, in the next step, with debonding allowed at aggregate–matrix interfaces. The latter phenomenon was analyzed by enforcing respective contact conditions between the aggregate and the bituminous matrix. It was found that introducing the viscoelastic material model for mastic resulted in a 142.72% increase in the vertical extreme displacement relative to the purely elastic solution. When debonding effects were additionally considered, this increase rose to 188.44%. The results confirm the necessity of debonding conditions to be introduced in reliable finite element analyses of asphalt concrete.

The hp-adaptive mesh refinement is a technique that for linear problems proved to deliver a fast, predicted by theory, exponential convergence. We have applied this approach to elastic-plastic problems modeled by associative constitutive law with the Mises yield surface. A modification of the automatic refinements and various types of mesh adaptation were tested. Exponential convergence was observed when the FEM mesh complied with the yielding zone. In general the original automatic hp-mesh refinements led to the fastest convergence even though it was only algebraic, what is theoretically justified for elastic-plastic problems.