Background/Objectives Colorectal cancer is a most common cancer by incidence and second by mortality among all cancers in Croatia. Organized National Colorectal Cancer Screening Program was adopted by government in 2007 and targets population aged 50-74 years. Every 2 years about 1,300,000 people are invited by letter to screening using gFOBT sent by preventive medicine team from county public health institutes. Citizens with a positive FOBT result are notified by telephone and referred for colonoscopy via the screening registry's electronic ordering system. They also receive instructions on how to prepare for the examination, and instructions by mail afterwards. Their family doctor is informed about this by letter and asked for their support if additional preparations of their patients are needed so that a polypectomy can be performed in the same procedure, if necessary. Previous studies have shown that, in addition to reducing mortality from colorectal cancer, money is saved by reducing the need for treatment advanced cancer or cancer in general. There is evidence that screening with fecal immunochemical test (FIT) achieves higher participation rates and much colorectal cancer patients detected. Given that the participation rate in Croatia is lower than desired, the aim of this study was to analyze the costs of colorectal cancer treatment and screening and compare three screening scenarios in terms of cost-effectiveness: no screening, biennial gFOBT test for people aged 50 to 74 years, and biennial FIT for people aged 50 to 74 years. Patients and methods: To compare the three scenarios, we developed a model based on the projection of 10,000 patients without colorectal cancer at age 50 and their health outcomes with associated costs over the next five years. The projected outcomes over the five years included treatment costs, number of new colorectal cancer patients, number of colorectal cancer deaths, life-years gained and costs per life-year gained. Results: Costs per patient five years after diagnosis for cost of advanced cancer treatment are 39,802€ and are significantly higher than costs of 16,732€ for non-advanced cases. The implemented model shows that screening options for colorectal cancer provide better health outcomes at lower costs compared to no screening. FIT is considered the preferred screening option due to its better sensitivity and better health outcomes and lower costs compared to gFOBT. Conclusions: Since the introduction of FIT screening instead of gFOBT could increase the proportion of people screened with the screening test, it would improve health outcomes and reduce health costs and the economic burden associated with colorectal cancer in Croatia.

The introduction of the National Colorectal Cancer (CRC) Screening Program in Croatia in 2007 marked a milestone in public health. Built on pioneering primary-care projects in Osijek (1978–1980) and sustained by professional and civic organizations, the program achieved early detection of thousands of adenomas and carcinomas, though participation remains below expectations (~25–30%). Regional experiences from Osijek-Baranja County and national professional societies (Family Medicine Department, Croatian Oncological Society, and Osijek League Against Cancer) provided the foundation for organized screening. Despite persistent barriers, measurable benefits were achieved, underscoring the need for continued efforts to raise participation, strengthen logistics, and expand endoscopy capacity.

Gripa je bolest respiratornog sustava koja se lako i brzo širi. Pojavljuje se svake godine u obliku manjih ili većih epidemija te uzrokuje značajan pobol i višak smrtnosti diljem svijeta. Praćena je raznim komplikacijama, osobito u osoba starije životne dobi. Uzrokuje zdravstvene, društvene i ekonomske probleme te predstavlja značajan javnozdravstveni problem. Cilj je rada prikazati pobol i smrtnost od gripe u Požeško-slavonskoj županiji (PSŽ) u sezonama od 2014./2015. do 2021./2022. godine. Tjedne promjene broja oboljelih i incidencija oboljelih prema dobnim skupinama prikazani su na temelju prijava oboljenja od gripe koje su pristigle u Zavod za javno zdravstvo Požeško-slavonske županije od sezone 2014./2015. do 2021./2022. Podatci o umrlima od gripe preuzeti su iz Nacionalnoga javnozdravstvenog informacijskog sustava. Podatci o potrošnji cjepiva prikupljeni su iz izvješća o potrošnji sezonskog cjepiva. U promatranom osmogodišnjem razdoblju u PSŽ-u prosječno su zaprimljene 263 prijave oboljenja od gripe po sezoni. Najčešće obolijevaju djeca školske i predškolske dobi. Stopa incidencije najniža je u osoba dobi od 65 godina i starijih, ali je u njih ujedno najveća smrtnost. U navedenom razdoblju sve umrle osobe od gripe bile su ženskoga spola (N = 5), a većina umrlih (80%) nije bila cijepljena protiv gripe. Cijepni obuhvati protiv gripe u PSŽ-u u svim sezonama daleko su ispod obuhvata koje preporučuje SZO, a u sezoni 2021./2022. zabilježen je silazni trend odaziva na cijepljenje. Cijepljenje protiv gripe ključni je alat za smanjenje morbiditeta i mortaliteta od gripe, stoga je potrebno ulagati velike napore u edukaciju javnosti i zdravstvenih djelatnika o važnosti cijepljenja zbog postizanja veće učinkovitosti.

Background/Objectives: Colorectal cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and second by mortality among all cancers in Croatia. The Organized National Colorectal Cancer Screening Program was introduced by the government in 2007. It targets individuals aged 50–74 years with a biennial screening with a guaiac fecal occult blood test (gFOBT). The aim of this study is to analyze the costs associated with colorectal cancer in Croatia and to compare the cost-effectiveness of three screening strategies: no screening, biennial gFOBT, and biennial fecal immunochemical testing (FIT). Patients and methods: A model was developed to compare the three screening scenarios. The model simulated a cohort of 10,000 patients aged 50 years without colorectal cancer. Health outcomes and associated costs were projected over a five-year time horizon. The model outcomes include the number of newly diagnosed colorectal cancer cases, number of colorectal cancer-related deaths, life-years gained, and costs per life-year gained. Results: The average five-year costs per patient for the treatment of advanced cancer are EUR 39,802, which is substantially higher than the average costs of EUR 16,897 per patient across all stages. The implemented model indicates that both screening options yielded improved health outcomes at lower costs compared with no screening. FIT is considered the preferred screening option due to its higher sensitivity, greater health outcomes, and lower costs relative to gFOBT. Conclusions: The introduction of FIT screening instead of gFOBT could increase screening uptake for colorectal cancer, improve health outcomes, and reduce healthcare expenditures and the economic burden associated with colorectal cancer in Croatia.