Background/Objectives: Preterm birth is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as birth occurring before 37 weeks of gestation and represents one of the major public health concerns worldwide. Approximately 15 million newborns are affected annually. Following such a physically and emotionally traumatic event, most parents experience emotional distress and seek answers regarding the possible internal or external triggers. The main objective of this review is to analyze the current data regarding the impact of prematurity on parental mental health, as well as the types of interventions targeting parents. Methods: This narrative review was conducted based on extensive research of full-text scientific articles published in the past 15 years, investigating the relationship between prematurity, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) hospitalization, parental mental health, and proposed intervention strategies aimed at supporting families. Results: Approximately 35% of mothers of preterm infants presented postpartum depression, 24% anxiety, and 15% PTSD. FCC interventions reduced stress levels and the intensity of depressive symptoms, while FICare showed stronger benefits, with additional improvements in parental mental health, parental self-efficacy, increased parental confidence, and amelioration of preterm infant parameters. Conclusions: Implementing FCC and FICare into daily neonatal care is essential for the prevention of parental mental health disorders and strengthening parenting capacity.

Preeclampsia (PE) is a vascular-related pregnancy disorder characterized by high blood pressure and proteinuria after 20 weeks’ gestation. Defective placentation, together with endothelial dysfunction, has a crucial role in the development of PE. Current evidence suggests that calprotectin is a potential marker for screening, even if it is not yet a standard diagnostic tool. The aim of our study is to the review monitoring methods for severe preeclampsia, which endangers neonatal viability. Starting from here, we look for ways to safely prolong pregnancy and also evaluate calprotectin as a potential biomarker of this pathology. Current issues and future perspectives are analyzed. As a solution, multidisciplinary management should be offered in tertiary-level units by maternal–fetal medicine specialists and neonatology units to increase fetal/neonatal viability. Based on the severity of preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction, cardiotocography and Doppler ultrasound monitoring should be scheduled. Delivery is also taken into consideration based on gestational age and maternal condition. Placental histological findings appear to be crucial in understanding this disease. The elevated calprotectin levels in preeclampsia suggest underlying inflammatory processes in the mother, which potentially contribute to the development of the condition; however, more research is needed to clarify calprotectin’s role. Conclusion: Early-stage preeclampsia remains a significant risk to maternal and neonatal health, with significant impacts on neonatal viability. Further elucidation of a role for calprotectin in the development of preeclampsia and its relevance for fetal viability are necessary. Calprotectin could be a potential biomarker in preeclampsia, as an important inflammation marker. But, so far, calprotectin has failed to prove its role as a marker of fetal viability, and thus, more studies are needed.