Sarcopenic obesity (SO), the coexistence of low muscle mass and excess fat, is increasingly recognized in older adults. Its definition and clinical implications remain debated. This study evaluated SO using the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism–European Association for the Study of Obesity (ESPEN–EASO) criteria and examined its associations with geriatric syndromes and metabolic risk factors. We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study of 364 hospitalized patients aged ≥ 65 years who underwent bioelectrical impedance analysis. Geriatric assessments included Activities of Daily Living (ADL), Instrumental ADL (IADL), Mini Nutritional Assessment–Short Form (MNA-SF), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), and handgrip strength. Mortality data were collected. Associations with SO were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. SO prevalence was 24.5%. Patients with SO had worse ADL, IADL, MNA-SF scores, and lower handgrip strength (all p < 0.01). Independent predictors of SO included older age (OR = 1.064, p = 0.002), female gender (OR = 3.574, p < 0.001), hypertension (OR = 2.094, p = 0.007), and diabetes mellitus (OR = 3.342, p < 0.001). The SO group had higher mortality (15.1% vs. 9.3%, p = 0.03). A geriatric model including frailty, MNA-SF (OR = 0.472, 95% CI: 0.306–0.727), and handgrip strength (OR = 0.741, 95% CI: 0.641–0.856) showed better model fit (Nagelkerke R² = 0.474) than the metabolic model (R² = 0.223). SO is a distinct clinical condition linked to frailty, functional decline, and mortality. Geriatric factors show stronger associations than metabolic indicators, underscoring the importance of comprehensive geriatric screening in older adults. Not applicable.

Background: Sarcopenia, which is characterized by the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and functionality, adversely affects cancer outcomes. This study aims to evaluate the development and progression of sarcopenia in patients with gastrointestinal cancer undergoing chemotherapy and its impact on comprehensive geriatric assessment outcomes in older participants. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 351 gastrointestinal cancer patients from October 2018 to December 2019. Pre- and post-chemotherapy measurements were taken for 243 participants. Sarcopenia was assessed using EWGSOP-2 criteria, including muscle mass, strength, and performance evaluations. A comprehensive geriatric assessment was conducted for patients aged 65 years and older. Results: The median age of participants was 57.84 years, with 31.7% being female and 29.2% being aged 65 years or older. A significant increase in the prevalence of sarcopenia post-chemotherapy was observed. The factors significantly associated with sarcopenia included low hand grip strength (−0.264; p < 0.001) and slow gait speed (0.222; p = 0.007). The muscle mass and albumin levels of older patients declined significantly post-treatment. Conclusions: This study highlights a strong association between chemotherapy and sarcopenia in gastrointestinal cancer patients, emphasizing the need for early detection and tailored interventions. Comprehensive geriatric assessments can provide critical insights that improve patient outcomes during chemotherapy.

Purpose: Falls are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in geriatric patients. Sarcopenia and central blood pressure may be associated with falls. This study aimed to investigate the association between sarcopenia and blood pressure parameters in older patients with falls. Methods: A comprehensive geriatric evaluation of 72 elderly patients was performed using established assessment tests. Peripheral and central hemodynamic measurements, including office DBP and SBP, daytime-night peripheral and central DBP and SBP, cardiac output, augmentation index, pulse wave velocity (PWV), pulse rate, and peripheral resistance and reflection, were measured with a 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure measuring device. Results: Of 72 patients with a mean age of 77.51 ± 6.5 years, 12 (16.7%) were non-sarcopenic, 32 (44.4%) were probable, nine (12.5%) were confirmed, and 19 (26.4%) were severe sarcopenic. PWV, which is an indicator of arterial stiffness, was found to be significantly higher in the sarcopenic group. The other cardiac risk markers [daytime peripheral SBP, mean arterial pressure (night), pulse pressure (daytime), and peripheral resistance (daytime and night)] were significantly lower in the sarcopenic patients. PWV correlated with gait speed, Katz score, and hand grip strength (Spearman’s rho: −0.337, −0.310, and −0.334; P < 0.001, 0.008, and 0.001, respectively). Age and hypertension were the most important factors increasing the risk of falls. Conclusion: Sarcopenia is associated with central and peripheral blood pressure changes in patients with falls. When sarcopenia is diagnosed in older people with falls, 24-hour ambulatory peripheral and central pressures should be evaluated for cardiac risk screening.

Ischemic hepatitis (IH) is the necrosis of the centrilobular hepatocytes of liver and is secondary to liver hypoperfusion in most of the cases. The diagnosis is usually based on biochemical findings due to the absence of symptoms and signs. Although the disease course is often mild, and sometimes is even not diagnosed, the outcome is poor if the etiology of hypotension and liver anoxia is not promptly corrected. A 64-year-old patient who underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) for right renal pelvic stone developed acute IH at first postoperative day as a result of hemorrhage related severe hypotension. After restoring hemodynamic parameters, she completely recovered 2 weeks after the operation. IH is a frequent cause of marked serum aminotransferase elevation and most commonly occurs as a result of arterial hypoxemia and insufficient hepatic perfusion. Although no specific treatment of IH exists, stabilizing the hemodynamic parameters of the patient resolves the problem in most of the cases. This case is presented to demonstrate that ischemic hepatitis should be kept in mind if severe hemorrhage occurs during PNL.