Background: Limb amputation is a life-altering event with substantial physical, psychological, and social consequences. Despite advances in healthcare, amputation remains a major global health concern, particularly in regions with high burdens of diabetes and vascular disease. This study aims to analyze demographic characteristics, etiologies, and trends in amputations over a ten-year period at a tertiary-care center. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of patients who underwent amputation at our tertiary-care hospital. Collected variables included patients’ demographics, etiology, level of amputation, type of admission, and surgical specialty involved. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data. Associations between categorical variables were analyzed using chi-square tests, with post hoc pairwise comparisons adjusted using the Bonferroni method where applicable. Continuous variables were compared using the Mann–Whitney U test. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. All analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS version 26.0. Results: A total of 647 patients underwent amputation, with a mean age of 56 years and a male predominance (65%). Diabetic complications were the leading cause (67.7%), followed by trauma (11.7%) and vascular diseases (11.6%). Lower limb amputations were more prevalent, with toe amputations being the most frequent (39%). Emergency procedures accounted for 72% of cases, and vascular surgery was the most involved specialty, followed by orthopedic surgery. Conclusions: Our study highlights a substantial burden of amputations, predominantly involving the lower limb, as well as a significant association with diabetic complications. These findings emphasize the urgent need for integrated diabetic care, early interventions, and public health strategies to reduce the burden of amputations in Saudi Arabia.

Background/Objective: The parotid gland is the largest salivary gland, and tumors arising from it exhibit wide histopathological diversity. Management approaches vary according to tumor characteristics and carry a risk of postoperative complications, particularly facial nerve injury. However, local data remain limited. This study aimed to describe the clinicopathological characteristics, surgical approaches, and postoperative outcomes of patients undergoing parotidectomy. Method: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at a high-volume tertiary center in Saudi Arabia. All consecutive patients who underwent parotidectomy between June 2015 and January 2025 were included. Demographic data, histopathological diagnoses, surgical procedures and postoperative complications were extracted from electronic medical records. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 26, with A p-value of <0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 154 patients were included, with a mean age of 45.2 ± 12.6 years; 61% were male. Benign lesions constituted 87% of cases, with pleomorphic adenoma being the most common histopathological diagnosis. Malignancies accounted for 13% of cases, most frequently mucoepidermoid carcinoma. The most common postoperative complications were facial nerve palsy, followed by sensory numbness. Conclusions: The majority of parotid gland tumors in this cohort were benign, with pleomorphic adenoma as the most common histological subtype. Facial nerve palsy and sensory disturbances were the most common postoperative complications. These findings provide valuable local data on parotid gland lesions in Saudi Arabia and support current surgical management practices.

Study Design: Retrospective study design. Study Objectives: To assess the prevalence and severity of sleep disturbances among patients with idiopathic scoliosis in Saudi Arabia. To evaluate the impact of surgical intervention on sleep quality in IS patients, comparing preoperative and postoperative sleep patterns. Background: Idiopathic scoliosis (IS) is a complex spinal deformity that may impact sleep quality due to pain, breathing difficulties, and psychological factors. Surgical intervention is the primary treatment for severe cases, yet its effect on sleep quality remains unclear. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 70 patients who underwent scoliosis surgery at a tertiary center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between 2019 and 2024. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) before and 6 months after surgery. Results: The prevalence of poor sleep quality decreased significantly postoperatively from 64.2% to 44.2% ( P = 0.018). Significant improvements were observed in sleep latency ( P = 0.031), duration ( P = 0.002), efficiency ( P = 0.004), and daytime dysfunction ( P = 0.002). Conclusions: Surgical correction of idiopathic scoliosis significantly improves sleep quality by enhancing sleep parameters and reducing sleep disturbances. Further research is warranted to optimize postoperative care and improve patient quality of life.

Objective: Epilepsy is a neurological disorder with profound impacts on various aspects of life. It may lead to significant medical and psychiatric comorbidities, one of which is personality disorders (PDs). This study aims to assess the prevalence of Cluster C PDs among adult patients with epilepsy (PWE) at a tertiary care hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Method: This cross-sectional study, conducted between January 2024 and April 2025, enroled 360 adult PWE using convenience sampling. The study tool included the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders criteria, along with additional demographic and epilepsy-related questions developed by the research team. Results: Cluster C PDs were identified in 30. 6% of the participants. Obsessive-compulsive PD was the most prevalent (17. 8%), followed by avoidant PD (9.7%). No significant gender difference was found in the prevalence of PDs (p > 0.05). Educational level and employment status were significantly associated with PDs (p=0.036 and 0.014, respectively). Participants with PDs had a longer mean epilepsy duration than those without PDs (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Cluster C PDs are prevalent among PWE, with lower educational levels, longer epilepsy duration, and unemployment being significantly associated with a higher prevalence. Screening for PDs among PWE is therefore warranted to enable earlier detection and intervention.

Intraspinal abnormalities are common in congenital scoliosis, yet estimates and associations with vertebral anomaly patterns and curve severity remain inconsistent. This meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of intraspinal abnormalities in congenital scoliosis patients and evaluate relationships with sex, geographic region, vertebral anomaly type, and Cobb angle. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane were searched through January 1, 2026. Observational studies of congenital scoliosis patients who underwent MRI and reported intraspinal abnormalities were included. Two reviewers independently screened studies and extracted data. Methodological quality was assessed using MINORS. (PROSPERO: CRD420251276010). Eighteen studies reporting 4,463 patients were included; 1,474 had intraspinal abnormalities. Overall quality was moderate. Pooled prevalence was 35% (95% CI: 29%-40%), with substantial heterogeneity (I² = 91.1%) and a prediction interval of 16%-60%. Diastematomyelia was most frequent, followed by syringomyelia and tethered cord. Within each vertebral anomaly subgroup, pooled prevalence was 26% for failure of formation, 47% for failure of segmentation, and 40% for mixed defects. In unadjusted study-level comparisons, intraspinal abnormalities were associated with higher odds of failure of segmentation (odds ratio: 1.89 [95% CI: 1.39-2.56]) and mixed abnormalities (1.43 [1.09-1.88]). Cobb angle was higher in patients with intraspinal abnormalities than in those without, but the difference was not statistically significant (mean difference: 3.30° [95% CI: -1.53 to 8.13]; p = .1805). Intraspinal abnormalities affect one-third of congenital scoliosis patients. Failure of segmentation and mixed vertebral anomalies may identify higher-risk subgroups, supporting MRI-based evaluation for diagnosis and surgical planning.

Background: Clinical outcomes continue to be a concern after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LET) has reemerged as an adjunct procedure for enhancing knee function; however, its overall clinical effectiveness remains controversial. Hypothesis: The addition of LET to primary ACLR would result in superior clinical, functional, and patient-reported outcomes as compared with isolated ACLR. Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: This study was conducted according to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) and registered in PROSPERO. Multiple databases were searched from 1995 to October 2025. Ten high-quality randomized controlled trials comparing ACLR with and without LET were included in the final meta-analysis. The outcomes assessed included graft failure, rotational and anterior knee stability, functional scores, patient-reported outcomes, and return-to-sport rates. Random effects models were used, and heterogeneity was evaluated. Results: When compared with isolated ACLR, ACLR augmented with LET demonstrated significantly lower graft failure rates (odds ratio [OR], −1.19; 95% CI, −1.73 to −0.65; P < .001) and improved rotational stability, as evidenced by superior pivot-shift outcomes (OR, −0.81; 95% CI, −1.11 to −0.52; P < .001). Significant improvements were also observed in Lysholm scores (OR, 1.98; 95% CI, 0.19-3.77; P = .030) and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective scores (OR, 1.65; 95% CI, 0.24-3.05; P = .22). No statistically significant differences were identified between the groups in KT-1000 measurements, Lachman test results, IKDC objective scores, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score subscales, Tegner activity scores, or return-to-sport rates. Heterogeneity was low across most outcomes ( I ² = 0%), except for the Tegner scale ( I ² = 83.12%). Conclusion: The addition of LET to primary ACLR was associated with significantly improved graft survival (log OR, −1.19; 95% CI, −1.73 to −0.65; P < .001); enhanced rotational stability as demonstrated by improved pivot-shift outcomes (log OR, −0.81; 95% CI, −1.11 to −0.52; P < .001); and better patient-reported knee function, including Lysholm scores (mean difference, 1.98; 95% CI, 0.19-3.77; P = .030) and IKDC subjective scores (mean difference, 1.65; 95% CI, 0.24-3.05; P = .22). However, no significant benefits were observed in anterior laxity or return-to-sport rates.