Since the field of autonomous vehicles is developing quickly, it is becoming increasingly crucial for them to safely and effectively navigate their surroundings to avoid collisions. The primary collision avoidance algorithms currently employed by self-driving cars are examined in this thorough survey. It looks into several methods, such as sensor-based methods for precise obstacle identification, sophisticated path-planning algorithms that guarantee cars follow dependable and safe paths, and decision-making systems that allow for adaptable reactions to a range of driving situations. The survey also emphasizes how Machine Learning methods can improve the efficacy of obstacle avoidance. Combined, these techniques are necessary for enhancing the dependability and safety of autonomous driving systems, ultimately increasing public confidence in this game-changing technology.

Image dehazing plays a pivotal role in numerous computer vision applications such as object recognition, surveillance systems, and security systems, where it can be considered as an introductory stage. Recently, many proposed learning-based works address this significant task; however, most of them neglect the atmospheric light estimation and fail to produce accurate transmission maps. To address such a problem, in this paper, we propose a two-stage dehazing system. The first stage presents an accurate atmospheric light algorithm labeled “A-Est” that employs hazy image blurriness and quadtree decomposition. Te second stage represents a cascaded multi-scale CNN model called CMT ${}_{net}$ that consists of two subnetworks, one for calculating rough transmission maps (CMCNN ${}_{tr}$ ) and the other for its refinement (CMCNN ${}_t$ ). Each subnetwork is composed of three-layer D-units (D indicates dense). Experimental analysis and comparisons with state-of-the-art dehazing methods revealed that the proposed system can estimate AL and t efficiently and accurately by achieving high-quality dehazing results and outperforms state-of-the-art comparative methods according to SSIM and MSE values, where our proposed achieves the best scores of both (91% average SSIM and 0.068 average MSE).

Image dehazing has become a crucial prerequisite for most outdoor computer applications. The majority of existing dehazing models can achieve the haze removal problem. However, they fail to preserve colors and fine details. Addressing this problem, we introduce a novel high-performing attention-based dehazing model (ADMC${}^2$-net)that successfully incorporates both RGB and HSV color spaces to maintain color properties. This model consists of two parallel densely connected sub-models (RGB and HSV) followed by a new efficient attention module. This attention module comprises pixel-attention and channel-attention mechanisms to get more haze-relevant features. Experimental results analyses can validate that our proposed model (ADMC${}^2$-net) can achieve superior results on synthetic and real-world datasets and outperform most of state-of-the-art methods.

Iris recognition is one of the highly reliable security methods as compared to the other bio-metric security techniques. The iris is an internal organ whose texture is randomly de-termined during embryonic gestation and is amenable with a computerized machine vision system for the remote examination. Previously, researchers utilized different approaches like Ham-ming Distance in their iris recognition algorithms. In this paper, we propose a new method to improve the performance of the iris recognition matching system. Firstly, 1D Log-Gabor Filter is used to encode the unique features of iris into the binary template. The efficiency of the algorithm can be increased by taking into account the coincidence fragile bit’s location with 1D Log-Gabor filter. Secondly, Adaptive Hamming Distance is used to examine the affinity of two templates. The main steps of proposed iris recognition algorithm are segmentation by using the Hough’s circular transformation method, normalization by Daugman’s rubber sheet model that provides a high percentage of accuracy, feature encoding and matching. Simulation studies are made to test the validity of the proposed algorithm. The results obtained ensure the superior performance of our algo-rithm against several state-of-the-art iris matching algorithms. Experiments are performed on the CASIA V1.0 iris database, the success of the proposed method with a genuine acceptance rate is 99.92%.