Introduction: The study investigates the role of public relations strategies in fostering reputation resilience during crises on digital platforms, with a specific focus on Facebook. The research is grounded in Situational Crisis Communication Theory (SCCT) and Image Repair Theory (IRT), addressing how transparent communication (TIC), speed of response (SOR), and consistency in messaging (CIM) influence two key outcomes: rebuilding user trust (RT) and the overall effectiveness (OE) of crisis management. Methods: Data were collected through a structured survey of 174 respondents and analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) via AMOS v.24. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed reliability, validity, and model fit indices within acceptable thresholds. Findings revealed significant positive relationships between TIC and RT ( β = 0.401, p = 0.002), SOR and OE ( β = 0.393, p = 0.001), and CIM and RT ( β = 0.531, p < 0.001). Collectively, TIC and CIM explained 44.7% of the variance in user trust, while SOR accounted for 15.5% of the variance in effectiveness. The results empirically validate the theoretical proposition that transparency, timeliness, and coherence in messaging are essential to mitigating reputational damage and restoring trust in digitally mediated crises. Practically, the study highlights the necessity for organizations to adopt proactive and harmonized crisis communication strategies, particularly in high-visibility environments like Facebook, where missteps can rapidly amplify negative public perceptions. The research contributes to advancing crisis communication scholarship by providing platform-specific empirical evidence while offering actionable insights for public relations practitioners.

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are essential in a variety of fields, including emergency rescue, security patrol, and agricultural planting. UAVs present benefits like allowing ground communications even in situations where connectivity is restricted by physical barriers. Conversely, they expand the area that can be attacked. For example, physical drone attacks give the attacker credentials to introduce fake data into the Internet of Things (IoT) network, compromising user safety as well as security. Authentication is essential in this situation to ensure security. One major obstacle to UAV communications is privacy and security concerns. UAVs can potentially give an increase in security concerns due to their open-access communication environments. These concerns may include threats to authentication and the potential for location and other sensitive data to be leaked to unauthorized parties. However, security against drone attacks cannot be ensured by the authentication schemes that are currently in place. Because of its performance and security, elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) is frequently used in the design of authentication protocols. So, in this paper, an elliptic curve cryptography-based scheme is presented. ECC is particularly preferred because it can provide complete safety with shorter key lengths, which is suitable for drones with limited resources. The mathematical properties of elliptic curves strengthen the algorithm's resilience to various cryptographic attacks, ensuring a high level of security.

Unmanned aerial vehicles increasingly exchange commands, telemetry, and mission data through interconnected ground, edge, and aerial networks. Their communication security depends on authentication, key management, implementation assurance, and constrained resources rather than on a cryptographic primitive alone. This narrative review examines lightweight authentication for UAV networks, with emphasis on the role of elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) and the trade-offs among software, FPGA, and hybrid implementations. Representative protocol studies are organized by communicating parties, trust assumptions, supporting mechanisms, and reported evidence. Standards for authenticated key establishment, authenticated encryption, and post-quantum cryptography provide a separate reference layer. The synthesis distinguishes mathematical security claims, symbolic protocol analysis, software timing, hardware realization, and operational deployment. ECC can support compact classical public-key mechanisms, but it does not independently provide message confidentiality, replay protection, capture resistance, or quantum resistance. PUF-assisted and infrastructure-assisted designs redistribute trust and implementation costs rather than eliminating them. A reporting framework identifies the information needed for meaningful comparisons, including credential provisioning, state recovery, communication overhead, and end-to-end energy. The review presents no new authentication protocol or experimental benchmark; its contribution is a critical, implementation-aware organization of the evidence and research gaps.

AI writing tools like ChatGPT, QuillBot, and Grammarly have reshaped university writing workflows. Controlled studies show gains in grammatical accuracy, student engagement, and self-efficacy, but none of the intervention studies retained in this review directly measured critical thinking or other higher-order outcomes, leaving concerns about overreliance largely untested rather than resolved. Synthesising 68 references published between 2008 and 2025, including 42 empirical studies, this narrative review examines how students utilise generative AI, its influence on core learning outcomes, and necessary institutional adaptations for policy and assessment. To address these shifts, the paper synthesises empirical findings across diverse study designs and proposes a seven-dimension AI literacy framework alongside practical design principles for effectively integrating AI tools into modern writing instruction.

Systems-on-programmable-chip combine processors and reconfigurable logic, but task communication can remain coupled to the current placement of neighboring tasks. This paper presents an architecture-level communication contract for dynamic hardware/software task migration. Software and hardware adapters expose a common logical task namespace, while cooperating managers configure routes, manage explicit state buffers, and coordinate local mailboxes. The migration specification distinguishes quiescence, state preservation, route rebinding, partial-bitstream loading, and resumption, with explicit cache and buffer ownership responsibilities. An analytical evaluation examines interface-variant counts, transport-cycle budgets, mailbox preservation, and configuration-transfer sensitivity. Under an illustrative effective drain rate of 800 MB/s and a fixed overhead of 1 microsecond, preserving 1-64 KiB requires 2.28-82.92 microseconds in the model. These values exclude unmodeled quiescence and state-restoration costs and are not board measurements. The accompanying code reproduces the calculations and records their assumptions. The contribution is a reproducible architectural specification and cost decomposition, rather than a validated implementation or a claim of performance superiority. A prospective validation protocol identifies the measurements needed to establish correctness, resource use, and end-to-end migration downtime on a CPU/FPGA platform.