Questions have long been used as a teaching tool by teachers and preceptors to assess students’ knowledge, promote comprehension, and stimulate critical thinking. Well-crafted questions lead to new insights, generate discussion, and promote the comprehensive exploration of subject matter. Poorly constructed questions can stifle learning by creating confusion, intimidating students, and limiting creative thinking. Teachers most often ask lower-order, convergent questions that rely on students’ factual recall of prior knowledge rather than asking higher-order, divergent questions that promote deep thinking, requiring students to analyze and evaluate concepts. This review summarizes the taxonomy of questions, provides strategies for formulating effective questions, and explores practical considerations to enhance student engagement and promote critical thinking. These concepts can be applied in the classroom and in experiential learning environments.

Entrustable professional activities are units of professional practice or descriptors of work, defined as specific tasks or responsibilities that trainees are entrusted to perform without direct supervision once they have attained sufficient competence. ^4,5 EPAs are independently executable, observable, and measurable in their process and outcome. ^4,5 Core EPAs for New Pharmacy Graduates are discrete, essential activities and tasks that all new pharmacy graduates must be able to perform without direct supervision upon entering practice or postgraduate training. These statements were labeled as “core” to denote that these EPAs are expected of all graduates independent of practice setting. They serve as a baseline, not a ceiling.

This paper reviews the literature, analyzes current and future practice, develops a list of competencies necessary for future pharmacists, and provides recommendations to pharmacy's academic enterp...

Research from JAMA Internal Medicine — Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism — Adherence to the 1995 American College of Chest Physicians Consensus Guidelines for Surgical Patients