Background and Objectives: Psychological distress is a pervasive yet often undertreated aspect of the cancer experience, contributing to reduced quality of life, poorer treatment adherence, and worse health outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy of non-pharmacological, evidence-based psychological interventions on distress, depression, anxiety, coping capacity, and quality of life in adult cancer patients. Interventions were grouped into three domains: structured psychotherapeutic therapies (e.g., Cognitive Behavioral Therapy [CBT], Acceptance and Commitment Therapy [ACT], Meaning-Centered Psychotherapy [MCP]); mindfulness and stress reduction programs (e.g., Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction [MBSR], Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy [MBCT]); and coping and resilience-enhancing modalities (e.g., Promoting Resilience in Stress Management [PRISM], expressive writing). Materials and Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, 42 randomized controlled trials published between 2015 and 2025 were included. A stratified meta-analytic approach calculated pooled standardized mean differences for each intervention class and outcome. Heterogeneity, subgroup, and moderator analyses explored drivers of effect variability. Results: Structured psychotherapeutic interventions yielded the largest effects, especially for depression. Mindfulness-based interventions produced moderate but significant improvements in distress and emotional regulation. Coping and resilience programs provided smaller yet statistically significant gains in adaptive coping. Between-study heterogeneity was moderate, partly explained by intervention type, delivery modality, and cancer subtype. Conclusions: These findings support integrating psychosocial care into standard oncology protocols and endorse its routine implementation as a core component of comprehensive cancer treatment.

Background: Cancer, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and psychiatric comorbidities such as depression and anxiety frequently coexist, with shared mechanisms involving systemic inflammation and neuroinflammatory pathways. Understanding these interactions is critical for improving multidisciplinary oncological care. Methods: We conducted a monocentric cross-sectional study (n = 174). Beyond descriptive and univariate analyses, we fitted multivariable models: linear regressions (HADS-Anxiety/Depression) with robust HC3 errors and the predictors ECOG, T2DM, age, sex, and residence, and logistic regression for ECOG ≥ 3. We assessed collinearity and model fit, and performed sensitivity checks. Results: Psychiatric comorbidity was present in 58% of patients, while more than 80% of those with available HADS data (n = 136) exceeded the clinical threshold for anxiety or depression. No significant differences in ECOG status were observed between patients with and without T2DM (mean ECOG 2.5 in both groups). Higher ECOG remained positively associated with both HADS-Depression (adjusted β = 2.77, 95% CI −1.03–6.57, p = 0.149) and HADS-Anxiety (β = 1.62, 95% CI −2.76–6.00, p = 0.468), although not statistically significantly. T2DM showed no independent association with either outcome (Depression β = −2.91, p = 0.130; Anxiety β = −0.80, p = 0.595). In logistic regression, T2DM was not significantly associated with ECOG ≥ 3 (aOR = 3.58, 95% CI 0.23–56.66, p = 0.365). Conclusions: The psychiatric burden is high among Romanian cancer patients, irrespective of T2DM status, and strongly associated with functional decline. These findings support the relevance of a neuroinflammatory framework linking somatic comorbidities and psychological distress. Routine psychiatric screening, early intervention, and integration of psycho-oncology into multidisciplinary care are recommended. Future prospective studies should incorporate inflammatory biomarkers to better define underlying mechanisms.

Background/Objectives: Psychiatric morbidity is frequent in oncology, yet prevalence and correlates differ across tumour sites. Urogenital cancers, in particular, involve psychosocial stressors related to sexuality, fertility, continence, and body image, which may intensify anxiety and depression. This study aimed to estimate the proportion of psychiatric morbidity among psychiatry-assessed oncology inpatients in a real-world hospital setting to compare urogenital with non-urogenital malignancies and to examine clinical correlates and hospitalisation outcomes. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 174 oncology inpatients who were evaluated by liaison psychiatry and completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) during admission to a tertiary hospital in Galați, Romania, between 2019 and 2022. All patients completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and underwent liaison psychiatry evaluation. Mixed anxiety–depressive disorder (ICD-10 F41.2) was the primary psychiatric outcome. Demographic, clinical, and functional data—including Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status—were extracted from medical records. Comparative and multivariable analyses were performed to identify predictors of severe depressive symptoms (primary outcome, HADS-D ≥ 11) and to explore associations with length of stay and costs. Results: Overall, 59% of patients had elevated HADS-Anxiety and 62% elevated HADS-Depression, while 40% received a psychiatric diagnosis. Mixed anxiety–depressive disorder predominated, especially in cervical (95%), bladder (100%), and prostate (≈70–75%) cancers. Urogenital cancers showed significantly higher rates of anxiety/depression than non-urogenital cancers (85% vs. 46%, p < 0.01). Poorer ECOG status independently predicted severe depressive symptoms (OR 3.6, 95% CI 2.1–6.2, p < 0.001). Psychiatric morbidity was associated with a trend toward longer LOS (median 12 vs. 9 days, p ≈ 0.08) and ≈10% higher hospital costs. Conclusions: Anxiety and depression were highly frequent among psychiatry-assessed oncology inpatients, particularly in urogenital malignancies. Functional impairment strongly correlates with psychiatric morbidity. These findings underscore the need for systematic screening and risk-stratified psycho-oncologic interventions to improve patient outcomes and resource utilisation.

The Prevention of Dementia Before and After Stroke - Archiv-EuroMedica