Purpose: The prevalence of dissociative identity disorder (DID) is 1%. However, the diagnosis can be made less frequently. This rate is similar to that of schizophrenia, and it is a public health problem that should receive attention. In the wake of the research results and clinical experiences, it was determined that DID diagnosis was challenging. Despite prevalence rates being similar to those seen in schizophrenia, DID remains under-researched. This study aims to determine the sociodemographic features, complaints, aetiological traumas, comorbid psychiatric disorders, and previous psychiatric applications of patients who had DID diagnosis, as well as to increase the awareness and recognisability of DID. Patients and Methods: Seventy patients who were diagnosed with DID based on the DSM 5 criteria and admitted to the outpatient clinic of the Department of Psychiatry Harran University Faculty of Medicine agreed to participate in this study. Patients filled out dissociative experiences scale, dissociation scale, and sociodemographic data form. Results: Of the 70 patients, 47 (67.14%) were female, and 23 (32.85%) were male. The mean age was 26.5 ± 9.63, the age range was 18– 62. It was the first psychiatric application for 34 (48.57%) patients. Of the 70 patients, 27 (38.57%) had four or more applications. Only 17 patients (24.28%) had the sole diagnosis of DID, while 47 patients (67.14%) had comorbid depressive symptoms. Regarding the first complaints, 35 patients (50.00%) had dissociative symptoms; 49 patients (70.00%) had depressive symptoms. As for the trauma types, 45 patients (64.28%) had histories of physical abuse, while 34 patients (48.57%) had histories of chronic neglect. Conclusion: The symptoms of DID can be related to many psychiatric disorders. DID patients can be classified under many different symptom groups. Treatments for symptoms fail when the diagnosis of DID is neglected. Patients are generally misdiagnosed, as determined in this study and in previous studies. Dissociative symptoms should be checked regularly during psychiatric interviews to prevent misdiagnosis.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of psychiatric morbidity along with sociodemographic and earthquake-related data on suicidal ideation among survivors of the 2023 Kahramanmaras earthquake in Turkey. The study included 270 volunteers who experienced the 2023 earthquake in Kahramanmaras, a province in middle east region of Turkey. These individuals were informed of the use of their personal data within the scope of the personal data protection law numbered 6698 and consent was obtained. The volunteers participated in the study online and were evaluated with a sociodemographic data form, Suicidal Ideation Scale and DSM-5 level one cross-sectional symptom scale. Single individuals (p = .009) and those who stated that they had insufficient social support (p = .001), had been injured or had lost a relative during the earthquake (p = .02), felt discrimination-exclusion after the earthquake (p = .03), and those who could not attend the funeral or funeral ceremony of their deceased relative (p < .001) scored higher on the Suicidal Ideation Scale. The DSM-5 level one cross-sectional symptom scale scores indicated that the scores in the depression (p = .024), somatization (p = .001), personality (p < .001) and addiction (0.039) subscales were more related to suicidal ideation. After a mass trauma, it is very important to investigate the risk factors that may be associated with suicidal ideation among survivors and to be aware of possible psychiatric symptoms. Preventive actions in the earthquake-affected regions can be made more effective by considering these factors.

Background and Objectives: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent psychiatric illness increasingly recognized as a systemic condition with implications for cardiovascular diseases. Growing evidence indicates that individuals with MDD have an elevated risk of cardiovascular mortality, underscoring the need for reliable, non-invasive biomarkers to assess cardiac risk. While underlying mechanisms remain unclear, electrocardiogram (ECG)-based markers offer a promising, non-invasive means of evaluation. Among these, the electrical risk score (ERS), a composite derived from specific ECG parameters, has emerged as a predictor of adverse cardiac outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the association between ERS and MDD, and whether ERS correlates with depression severity and illness duration. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, 12-lead ECGs were evaluated to calculate the ERS based on six ECG parameters: heart rate, corrected QT interval, Tp-e interval, frontal QRS-T angle, QRS transition zone, and presence of left ventricular hypertrophy according to Sokolow–Lyon criteria. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) was utilized. Results: The study included 102 patients with MDD and 62 healthy controls. No significant differences were observed in baseline or laboratory parameters between the groups. However, heart rate, Tp-e interval, frontal QRS-T angle, and ERS were significantly higher in the depression group. ROC analysis identified ERS as the strongest predictor of depression. ERS was significantly higher in patients with severe depression compared to those with mild symptoms and showed a positive correlation with both disease duration and HAM-D score. Conclusions: Here, we show that the ECG-derived ERS is significantly elevated in patients with MDD and is associated with increased cardiac risk. ERS outperformed conventional ECG parameters in identifying individuals with depression and demonstrated positive associations with both illness duration and symptom severity. These findings suggest that ERS may serve as a practical, non-invasive biomarker for assessing cardiovascular vulnerability in this population.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of perceived social support and depression on suicidal ideation in inpatients receiving substance abuse disorder treatment.Method: A total of 110 inpatients in an Alcohol and Drug Treatment Center were included in the study. A sociodemographic and clinical information form, Beck Depression Inventory, Suicidal Ideation Scale, and Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale were administered to all patients.Results: No significant correlation was identified between total social support score and suicidal ideation, whereas a weak negative but statistically significant correlation was found between social support from family and suicidal ideation scores (r=-0.231; p=0.016). The mean value of suicidal ideation was 2.22 in the non-depressed groupand 10.13 in the severely depressed group. We also found thatpatients whowere exempted from military service and those who had attempted suicide before had statistically significantly higher scores on the suicidal ideation scale.Conclusion: In patients diagnosed with substance use disorder, various factors may increase the risk of suicidal behavior. In particular, patients with insufficient social support, depressive symptoms, unable to carry out their military service and those who have attempted suicide before should be closely followed for suicidal ideation.

Objective Interleukin (IL)-40 is a recently identified cytokine implicated in inflammatory diseases. Increasing evidence links anxiety disorders to heightened inflammation. This study aimed to investigate IL-40 levels and oxidative stress in patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).Methods Fourty-four patients with GAD and 44 healthy controls were recruited for this study. All patients were assessed for severity of anxiety symptoms using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A).Results The serum IL-40 levels were observed to be elevated in patients diagnosed with GAD in comparison to healthy controls (p<0.001). A significant positive correlation was observed between IL-40 and HAM-A scores (r=0.329, p=0.029). IL-40 demonstrated predictive value in receiver operating characteristic analysis, with an area under the curve value of 0.871 (p=0.001). The levels of native thiol and total thiol were found to be significantly lower, while the levels of disulfide were significantly higher in comparison to the control group (p<0.001, p=0.001, p=0.027, respectively). However, IL-40 levels showed no significant correlation with oxidative stress markers, including native thiol, total thiol, and disulfide levels.Conclusion This is the first study to explore the potential relationship between IL-40 and the pathophysiology of GAD. The observed elevation in IL-40 levels may reflect a possible immune regulatory imbalance in GAD. While these findings suggest that IL-40 could be a candidate biomarker for further investigation, their clinical utility for diagnosis or monitoring remains speculative. Additional large-scale and longitudinal studies are required to confirm these preliminary observations and to better understand the immunological aspects of GAD.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to examine the levels of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), and systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI) in obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). Background: Recent research suggests that systemic inflammation may play a role in the pathophysiology of OCD. SII and SIRI are novel, inexpensive, and easily obtainable parameters that reflect inflammatory status. However, studies investigating their role in OCD remain limited. Methods: In this retrospective, naturalistic, cross-sectional study, we collected hematological parameter data from 500 patients with OCD and 309 healthy subjects, who served as the healthy control group. Statistical analyses included t-tests, logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: Leukocyte, neutrophil, platelet counts, mean platelet volume, platelet distribution width, NLR, PLR, SII, and SIRI values were significantly higher in the obsessive–compulsive disorder group compared to healthy controls (p-values ranged from < 0.001 to 0.003). According to the logistic regression coefficients, SII (p = 0.005) is a significant predictor of OCD. Based on the ROC analysis, SII had the highest area under the curve (AUC = 0.630; p < 0.001, cut-off = 503.72). The SII was found to be predictive of OCD with a sensitivity of 62.1% and a specificity of 61.6%. Conclusion: Inflammatory markers such as NLR, PLR, SII, and SIRI are thought to play an important role in the evaluation of inflammatory activity in OCD. This study was conducted retrospectively by the Harran University Hospital Ethics Committee with Date: 12.02.2024, Decision No.: HRU 24.01.21.