Background: Successful use of prostheses after lower-limb amputation (LLA) depends on undergoing physiotherapy and rehabilitation both physically and psychologically. The aim of this systematic literature review is to systematically review the scientific evidence regarding prosthetic rehabilitation and physiotherapy after LLA. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, CINAHL, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and EMB Reviews databases on December 31, 2015. Studies with the search keywords were identified and independently assessed by reviewers. The search yielded 403 potentially relevant articles after the removal of duplicates. Of these, only nine articles met the inclusion criteria. All studies were original articles, one of which was a randomized controlled study. Different measurement methods were used and positive results in terms of functional status, weight-lifting capacity with prosthesis, walking and balance ability, and acute care process were gained with a physiotherapy program. Conventional methods still possess high importance; however, it is safe to say that virtual reality and software-based programs for rehabilitation are increasingly being developed and getting more and more support. Discussion: LLA rehabilitation is a topic that requires the focus of current and future studies; evidence-based studies are required on the approaches to rehabilitation for specific LLA groups.

Purpose: Virtual reality is widely used in patients with chronic musculoskeletal problems. However, the short-term effects on individuals with transtibial (TT) amputation during this process remain unclear. This study aimed at investigating the effects of virtual reality on rehabilitation outcomes in TT amputees. Methods: The study included 20 TT amputees who were using TT prostheses. The participants were divided into two groups randomly as follows: physiotherapy (PT) and virtual reality (VR). Participants were treated 3 days a week, for 4 weeks, and evaluations were made before and after treatment; a 6-minute walk test was used for performance, a single-leg balance test for balance, Trinity Amputation Prosthesis Experience Scale for prosthesis satisfaction, a 10-meter walking test for gait speed, and a wearable smart t-shirt to determine cadence. Results: It was found that there was a statistically significant difference in performance, balance, prosthesis satisfaction, cadence, and gait speed before and after PT ( P < 0.05). There were differences in terms of performance, prosthesis satisfaction, balance, cadence, and gait speed before and after VR ( P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between PT and VR ( P > 0.05). Conclusion: The 4 weeks of VR training improved performance, prosthesis satisfaction, balance, cadence, and gait speed in TT amputation rehabilitation similar to physiotherapy methods. The addition of VR training to amputation rehabilitation will bring improvements since it is a fun and safe intervention. Clinical Trial Registration: The trial is registered at Clinical Trials.gov, Trial No: NCT03872193

Telerehabilitation can be proposed to individuals with mechanic neck pain to improve functional abilities and limit the risk of early degeneration of the musculoskeletal system due to postural problems. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of 12-week telerehabilitation on pain, posture, performance, and energy consumption in individuals with mechanical neck pain.A telerehabilitation program was applied to 78(23.79 ± 8.95)individuals with mechanic neck pain. A synchronized posture-based exercise program was performed 3 times a week for 12 weeks. Pain, postural measurements, performance, and energy consumption levels were determined for each participant before and after telerehabilitation program. Craniovertebral, shoulder, and eye angle were measured with a smartphone application. Clinical tests were used to measure muscle shortness. Performance measurement was evaluated with the 6-minute walk test. The Physiological Cost Index was used for energy consumption assessment.Craniovertebral angle were increased (p=0.001),eye angles were improved after 12-week telerehabilitation (p=0.002). Shortenedpostural muscles were assessed as in normal length after telerehabilitation (p<0.001). There was a significant increase in performance after telerehabilitation (p=0.001). No significant changes in energy consumption of individuals were found after telerehabilitation (p=0.384).This study showed positive effects of telerehabilitation in individuals with mechanic neck pain on pain, posture, and performance. Telerehabilitation can be suggested as an effective modality to decrease pain, improve posture, and performance in individuals with mechanic neck pain

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) has been known to have emotional, physical, and behavioral effects in reproductive age. To evaluate the effects of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) on pain and quality of life in women, who perform regular yoga exercises in the long term. 30 women with PMS and 30 control (31.17 ± 5.28 years old) participated in this randomized controlled, single blinded study. The demographics of the PMS and control groups were similar (p < 0.05). A significant difference was found in a depressive mood, anxiety, fatigue, pain, depressive thoughts, sleeping habits subscales, and total scores of the PMSS, WHOQOL-BREF scale, and VAS scores between yoga and control groups (p < 0.05). It is determined that long-term and regular yoga practice for women with PMS will improve their, PMS symptoms, quality of life, and pain level.