This study examines the thermal impacts of green and blue infrastructure in Hilalkent Neighborhood, Elazığ City, in Turkey, using ENVI-met 5.6.1 software. Six design scenarios were proposed and their impact on air temperature, relative humidity, mean radiant temperature (Tmrt), physiological equivalent temperature (PET), and wind speed during August and January was analyzed. The simulation results were verified via field measurements using the Lutron AM-4247SD Weather Forecast Station at a height of 2.0 m above the ground. Data were collected in August 2023 and January 2024. The findings of this study indicate that existing vegetation in the study area provides a cooling effect of 0.8 °C during August. The addition of 10% grass coverage further reduced air temperature by 0.3 °C, while a 20% increase in tree density led to a 0.6 °C temperature reduction. The inclusion of a 10% water surface resulted in a 0.4 °C decrease in air temperature, and the implementation of extensive roof gardens contributed to an additional 0.2 °C reduction during the August period. The combined implementation of blue–green infrastructure in the study area achieved a total cooling effect of 1.5 °C during August. During January, the proposed scenarios led to a reduction in average temperatures by 0.1 °C to 0.4 °C compared to the base scenario, which may not be favorable for thermal comfort in colder conditions. Relative humidity values decreased during the August and Tmrt values were directly proportional to air temperature changes in both August and January. The results of this study provide valuable insights for urban planners and policymakers, demonstrating the effectiveness of blue–green infrastructure in mitigating the urban heat island (UHI) effect. These findings highlight the importance of integrating climate-responsive design strategies into urban planning to enhance thermal comfort and environmental sustainability in cities.

This study investigates the influence of scattered (irregular) and grid (regular) settlement layouts on local climate and thermal comfort versus rural open areas. Research in Erzurum, Türkiye, utilized 2022 year-round on-site measurements, satellite imagery, and statistical analysis of climatic parameters and the Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET) thermal comfort index. Findings reveal distinct climatic responses: scattered urban forms consistently created cooler conditions year-round, exhibiting a winter cold island effect (−1.8 °C in December) and lower summer air temperatures (−3.4 °C in July). According to land surface temperature (LST) results, the grid urban form (−12.1 °C) is 0.9 °C colder than the scattered urban form (−11.2 °C) in winter. The scattered urban form (27.9 °C) is 1.5 °C warmer than the grid urban form (26.4 °C) in summer. The grid urban form exhibits a wind velocity range from 0.2 m/s to 1.2 m/s, and the scattered urban form’s wind velocity ranges from 0.0 m/s to 0.5 m/s. On the other hand, PET analysis indicated scattered forms offered more favorable thermal comfort. Average PET for scattered forms was 16.6 °C in summer and −3.3 °C in winter, compared to grid forms’ 15.1 °C and −4.7 °C, respectively. Wind velocity was a primary determinant, with lower speeds reducing heat loss and improving comfort in cold regions. This highlights urban planning’s critical role in optimizing thermal comfort across climates.

Dünya genelinde şehirler, sürdürülebilir kentleşme hedefine ulaşabilmek için artan zorluklarla daha çok karşı karşıya kalmaktadır. Yaşadığı çevre ile sürekli etkileşim içinde olan insan bir taraftan fiziksel çevreyi etkilerken, bir taraftan da bu çevreden etkilenmektedir. Bu etkileşim süreci içerisinde kentlerde çeşitli değişimler yaşanmaktadır. Kentsel peyzajın yapısının nasıl ifade edileceği ve temsil edileceği sorusu uzun zamandır kentsel morfolojinin merkezinde yer almaktadır. Kentsel peyzaj, kentsel morfologlar için paha biçilmez bir bilgi kaynağıdır. Kentlerin geçmişi, bugünü ve geleceği konusundaki tartışmalarda kilit rol oynayan kentsel morfoloji, yüzyıldan fazla bir süredir, kentsel formun unsurlarını tanımlayan, sınıflayan ve açıklayabilen bir takım kavram ve yöntem geliştirmiştir. Son zamanlarda, kentsel morfologlar kentsel formun belirli bir unsurunu şekillendirme sürecini incelemeye başlamıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Kırklareli ili Merkez ilçe sınırları içerisinde yer alan, tarihi olarak en eski ve en zengin mahallesi olan Yayla Mahallesinin kentsel unsurlarını kentsel morfoloji perspektifinden incelemek, değerlendirmek ve çeşitli önerilerde bulunmaktır.