Cancer is a serious disease with an abnormal proliferation of organ tissues; it is characterized by malignant infiltration and growth that affects human life. Traditional cancer therapies such as resection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy have a low cure rate and often cause irreversible damage to the body. In recent years, since the traditional treatment of cancer is still very far from perfect, researchers have begun to focus on non-invasive near-infrared (NIR)-responsive natural macromolecular hydrogel assembly drugs (NIR-NMHADs). Due to their unique biocompatibility and extremely high drug encapsulation, coupling with the spatiotemporal controllability of NIR, synergistic photothermal therapy (PTT), photothermal therapy (PDT), chemotherapy (CT) and immunotherapy (IT) has created excellent effects and good prospects for cancer treatment. In addition, some emerging bioengineering technologies can also improve the effectiveness of drug delivery systems. This review will discuss the properties of NIR light, the NIR-functional hydrogels commonly used in current research, the cancer therapy corresponding to the materials encapsulated in them and the bioengineering technology that can assist drug delivery systems. The review provides a constructive reference for the optimization of NIR-NMHAD experimental ideas and its application to human body.

Diabetic wounds cannot undergo normal wound healing due to changes in the concentration of hyperglycemia in the body and soon evolve into chronic wounds causing amputation or even death of patients. Diabetic wounds directly affect the quality of patients and social medical management; thus researchers started to focus on skin transplantation technology. The acellular fish skin grafts (AFSGs) are derived from wild fish, which avoids the influence of human immune function and the spread of the virus through low‐cost decellularization. AFSGs contain a large amount of collagen and omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and they have an amazing effect on wound regeneration. However, after our search in major databases, we found that there were few research trials in this field, and only one was clinically approved. Therefore, we summarized the advantages of AFSGs and listed the problems faced in clinical use. The purpose of this paper is to enable researchers to better carry out original experiments at various stages. image

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) comprises Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis and arises from the convergence of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, immune dysregulation, and gut microbiome perturbations. Metabolic reprogramming has emerged as a central feature of IBD pathogenesis. Immune and epithelial cells in IBD show coordinated disturbances in glycolysis, fatty‐acid metabolism, and oxidative phosphorylation, which shape macrophage and T‐cell polarization and weaken epithelial barrier integrity. Microbiota‐derived metabolites, including short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids, and tryptophan derivatives, act as key immunometabolic signals, with SCFAs promoting regulatory programs and barrier repair, whereas disordered bile‐acid pools and dysregulated receptor signaling can drive inflammation and disrupt the barrier. These insights motivate metabolic interventions that complement immunotherapy, including modulation of the microbiota, supplementation or engineered delivery of specific metabolites, and targeting of metabolic pathways (AMPK, mTOR) and receptors (FXR, TGR5, AhR). Early clinical studies indicate potential benefit in selected patient subsets, although effect sizes are variable, and translation remains limited by disease heterogeneity, context‐dependent metabolite effects, suboptimal delivery to inflamed segments, and the absence of predictive biomarkers. This review synthesizes recent advances in IBD immunometabolism, integrates evidence across cells, pathways, and microbial metabolites, and outlines actionable opportunities for development, including patient stratification, target‐engagement readouts, and rigorously designed trials with endpoints such as mucosal healing, corticosteroid‐free remission, and relapse reduction.

Atopic dermatitis (AD), the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease, is characterized by intense pruritus and varying degrees of cutaneous inflammation. Current therapeutic modalities (such as topical corticosteroids and biologics) can control symptoms in the short term, but limitations including extremely low bioavailability and significant side effects substantially restrict their clinical efficacy in AD management. Therefore, more precise and safer local management strategies for AD represent the most promising direction for future development. As a biomaterial with a three-dimensional network structure combining biomimetic properties and sustained drug delivery capability, hydrogel emerges as an optimal carrier choice. Multiple clinical trials have demonstrated that Desonide hydrogel provides substantial benefits to patients, making the design of multifunctional hydrogel dressings a research hotspot in recent years. This review first summarizes the feasible options for drug loading in hydrogels, then focuses on the advantages and disadvantages of different hydrogel types and drug delivery methods, and finally addresses the challenges and solutions for translating innovative hydrogels into clinical practice. Aimed at integrating perspectives from materials science, dermatology, and translational medicine, this review establishes a theoretical framework for the rational design of innovative hydrogels in local AD therapy.

Oral cancer is a common malignant tumor, and its incidence has steadily increased in recent years. Sleep disturbances, including insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea, are prevalent among patients with oral cancer and significantly impact their quality of life. Emerging research suggests a bidirectional relationship between oral cancer and sleep disorders. This article reviews how oral cancer induces or exacerbates sleep disorders, particularly obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), through factors such as pain, psychological stress, and treatment-related side effects (e.g., upper airway damage caused by chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or surgical interventions). Furthermore, it analyzes how sleep disorders may promote oral cancer progression via chronic inflammation, intermittent hypoxia, oxidative stress, and disruption of circadian rhythms. By elucidating these interactions, this review provides a theoretical foundation for optimizing clinical treatment plans through a holistic understanding of their shared pathophysiological mechanisms.

Background: Skin atrophy (SA) is a pathological condition marked by the thinning of the skin, decreased elasticity, and reduced functionality, often arising from aging, chronic glucocorticoid use, or autoimmune diseases.Objective: This study investigates the role of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region on chromosome 6 in the development of SA.Methods: We applied summary‐data‐based Mendelian randomization (SMR) using eQTL data of three skin‐related tissues (whole blood, lower leg, and suprapubic) from the GTEx database, and SA genome‐wide association study data from FinnGen. Further, we conducted functional enrichment, colocalization, and drug enrichment analyses on the core genes (intersection genes) to explore their functions and druggability.Results: Six core genes (PSORS1C3, HLA‐C, HLA‐DRB5, HLA‐DRB6, HLA‐DQA1, and HLA‐DQB1) located on chromosome 6p21 were consistently identified across all tissues. Functional enrichment, pathway, and protein–protein interaction analyses revealed that these genes are involved in antigen processing and immune response regulation. Drug enrichment analysis highlighted potential therapeutic targets, including interactions with palladium, azathioprine, and insulin. However, limitations in available data for PSORS1C3 and HLA‐DRB6, as well as inconclusive colocalization results, suggest a need for further research.Conclusion: This study highlights the involvement of six core genes within the MHC region on chromosome 6 in the development of SA, emphasizing their roles in immune regulation and antigen presentation. These findings open new avenues for understanding SA and offer a foundation for future investigations into immune‐related pathways in skin diseases.